AUDIO TAPES AND CD DVD AS A LEARNING

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AUDIO TAPES AND CD & DVD AS A LEARNING RESOURCES FOR TEACHING PHYSICAL SCIENCE

AUDIO TAPES AND CD & DVD AS A LEARNING RESOURCES FOR TEACHING PHYSICAL SCIENCE BY R. SANKARESWARI Roll. No. 42 Sec A Physical Science

OUTLINE Introduction Learning Resources Definitions Audio visual aids, Purpose, Needs & Types Tape recorder

OUTLINE Introduction Learning Resources Definitions Audio visual aids, Purpose, Needs & Types Tape recorder History Selection of recording Operations of recording Uses of recording in classroom Advantages & Disadvantages Video Disc Models of Video Disc Application Types Uses Merits & Demerits

INTRODUCTION • As we all know that today's age is the age of science

INTRODUCTION • As we all know that today's age is the age of science and technology. The teaching learning programs have also been affected by it. The process of teaching learning depends upon the different type of equipment available in the classroom. • A teaching aid is a tool used by teachers, or tutors to help learners to improve reading and other skills, illustrate or reinforce a skill, fact, or idea, and relieve anxiety, fears etc.

LEARNING RESOURCES Learning those devices and procedures that help to make teaching and learning

LEARNING RESOURCES Learning those devices and procedures that help to make teaching and learning more interesting, more stimulating, more reinforcing and more effective.

LEARNING RESOURCE SHOULD BE • Give an overview of lesson. • Provide extra explaination,

LEARNING RESOURCE SHOULD BE • Give an overview of lesson. • Provide extra explaination, examples and applications. • Reinforce the basic concepts. • Help teacher in a good communication. • For healthy classroom interaction. • For effective realisation of teaching objectives

AUDIO VISUAL TEACHING AIDS

AUDIO VISUAL TEACHING AIDS

According to KP. Neeraja An audio visual aid is an instructional device in which

According to KP. Neeraja An audio visual aid is an instructional device in which the message can be heard as well as seen

Purpose of Audio Visual Aids Best motivation. Clear image. Save energy and time. Reinforcement

Purpose of Audio Visual Aids Best motivation. Clear image. Save energy and time. Reinforcement to learner. Positive transfer of learning. Gain & hold student interest. Increase understanding and retention. Stimulate the development of understanding and attitudes

 Every individual has the tendency to forget. Proper use of teaching aids helps

Every individual has the tendency to forget. Proper use of teaching aids helps to retain concepts permanently. Students can learn better when they are motivated properly through different teaching aids. Teaching aids develop the proper image. The teaching aids create the environment of interest for the students. Teaching aids helps to increase the vocabulary of the students. Teaching aids helps the teacher to get sometime and make learning permanent. Teaching aids provide direct experience to the students.

 Audio Aids Visual Aids Audio - Visual Aids

Audio Aids Visual Aids Audio - Visual Aids

 Audio aids - The aids that involve the sense of hearing are called

Audio aids - The aids that involve the sense of hearing are called audio aids. For example : - radio, tape recorder, gramophone etc. Visual aids - The aids which use sense of vision are called visual aids. For example : - actual objects, models, pictures, charts, maps, flash cards, flannel board, bulletin board, chalkboard, overhead projector, slides etc. Out of these black board and chalk are the commonest ones. Audio -Visual aids - The aids which involve the sense of vision as well as hearing are called audio- visual aids. For example: film projector, CD, DVDetc.

Various kinds of AV aids.

Various kinds of AV aids.

Why Audio-visual aids in the classroom? ? ? Because technology based teaching aids reinventing

Why Audio-visual aids in the classroom? ? ? Because technology based teaching aids reinventing schools. . .

TAPE RECORDER

TAPE RECORDER

History A number of experimental sound recording devices were designed and developed in the

History A number of experimental sound recording devices were designed and developed in the early 1909 s in Europe and the United States. Recording and reproducing the sounds were two separate processes, but both were necessary in the development of the tape recorder. Up until the 1920 s, especially in the United States, a type of tape recorder using steel tape was designed and produced. In 1928 a coated magnetic tape was invented in Germany. The German engineers refined the magnetic tape in the 1930 s and 1940 s, developing a recorder called the Magnetophon.

1909 analog tape recorder of Franklin C. Goodale. This machine had 15 Tracks

1909 analog tape recorder of Franklin C. Goodale. This machine had 15 Tracks

MAGNETOPHON

MAGNETOPHON

 Tape recorders use a thin piece of metal, plastic or paper tape. The

Tape recorders use a thin piece of metal, plastic or paper tape. The plastic and paper tapes are approximately ¼ inch wide and are reeled very much like 8 mm film. The tape may played back indefinitely without deterioration and like the wire used in a wire recorder, may be used over by erasing the previous recording. If the tape tears, it may be repaired with scotch tape. If you wish to remove a part of the recording or insert a new section, cut the tape to remove or insert a section and then splice with scotch tape. Some tape recorders record upto 5 hours of a contineous program.

Selection of Recording

Selection of Recording

 The proposed use of the recording equipments and the amount of money available,

The proposed use of the recording equipments and the amount of money available, should be carefully considered before purchasing your equipment. Making a permanent recording for an English, Science or social studies class, a recorder might prove the most valuable. A wire or tape recorder may be used to make temporary recordings, such as a speech or musical program that the instructor will not use over and over again. To consider is the sound frequency range of the equipment and the programs you plan to record. The Male voice usually between 100 and 8000 per second, The female voice usually between 170 and 10000 per second, but many musical instruments have a much wider frequency range

Operations of Recording Mechanical Process Magnetic Process

Operations of Recording Mechanical Process Magnetic Process

 • Mecanical recording includes both embossing and engraving techniques. • In embossing, a

• Mecanical recording includes both embossing and engraving techniques. • In embossing, a varying groove is formed on a disc or tape by the rounded tip of an embossing tool. • In engraving, a similar groove is formed by the sharp edge of an engraving tool. • Mechanical recording is use almost exclusively in the record industry, in electrical transcriptions for broadcast purpose, and in general utility records.

Magnetic Recording • In magnetic recording, a wire or tape is magnetized as it

Magnetic Recording • In magnetic recording, a wire or tape is magnetized as it passes through a recording head. • To play back, the wire or tape is repassed through the magnetic head and the resulting vibrations, picked up by an amplifier, produce sound. • The recording and playback processes are accomplished by the same head. • To erase a recording, the wire or tape is neutralized or demagnetized

Uses of Recording in Classroom • Historical Documents • Science Inventions • About researches

Uses of Recording in Classroom • Historical Documents • Science Inventions • About researches • Speech Class • Dramatics • Music

Advantages • Recording can be erased and the tape can be reused • The

Advantages • Recording can be erased and the tape can be reused • The tape recorder is easy to operate as it has only a few controls. • The talks of well-known personalities can be recorded at a convenient place and brought to the school for replay to the students. • For teaching music, phonics and recording, poetry and recitation’s etc.

Disadvantages • There is no personal contact with the speakers • Listening for long

Disadvantages • There is no personal contact with the speakers • Listening for long time generally district the learner • Audio-based learning is difficult for people with a hearing disability; • Creating audio is extra work for an instructor; • Audio is often best used in conjunction with other media such as text or graphics thus adding complexity to the design of teaching; • Recording audio requires at least a minimal level of technical proficiency; • Spoken language tends to be less precise than text.

COMPACT DISC(CD) AS A LEARNING RESOURCES Compact Disc(CD) is a multimedia storage disc in

COMPACT DISC(CD) AS A LEARNING RESOURCES Compact Disc(CD) is a multimedia storage disc in which a range of data types such as text, graphics, audio, animation, photographs, video etc are stored in digital form and can be accessed by Computers (and CD players).

Video Disc • CD or DVD is a multimedia storage disc in which a

Video Disc • CD or DVD is a multimedia storage disc in which a range of data types such as text, graphics, audio, animation, photographs, video etc are stored in digital form and can be accessed by Computers • Video disc is comparatively a newer medium that has widened the scope of use of the television set. • Video disc player are available in two models: Consumer Model Educational Industrial Model

Consumer Model: The consumer model is basically a playback medium and is mostly used

Consumer Model: The consumer model is basically a playback medium and is mostly used in homes. Educational or Industrial Model: It is more versatile. It can provide interaction individualized instruction. It can record materials from a variety of media, including film slides, audio and printed text. This make rich the oppertunities for individualized instruction for students learning at a distance

Applications of Video disc Capacitance Optical

Applications of Video disc Capacitance Optical

Capacitance Video Disc

Capacitance Video Disc

Optical Video Disc

Optical Video Disc

TYPES BASED ON FORMAT OF MEDIA • Originally developed to store and play sound

TYPES BASED ON FORMAT OF MEDIA • Originally developed to store and play sound recordings. • Later adapted for storage of data(CD-ROM: CD-READ ONLY MEMORY) • Further derivatives 1. CD-R (Once audio and data storage). 2. CD-RW (Rewritable media) 3. VCD (Video compact disc) 4. SVCD(Super video compact disc) 5. Photo CD 6. Enhanced music CD Used in schools, colleges , universities

USES OF CD and DVDS • Beneficial for all learners and for all subject

USES OF CD and DVDS • Beneficial for all learners and for all subject matters. Compilation of immense amount of text, illustration, audio, video, etc. • Used as data storage and reproduction devices in teaching- learning process • Educational CDs are used as reference tool for scholars and students. • Used as tools to advance learner’s computer literacy skills as well as reading, math and critical analytical skills. • VCD’s can be a source of entertainment

MERITS • Beneficial for all learners and for all subject matters. • Can do

MERITS • Beneficial for all learners and for all subject matters. • Can do some of the works of teacher and provide assistance to learner without presence of teacher • Plays major role in computer assisted learning. • CDs act as tutor • CDs are audio-visual learning resource. • Provide inexpensive access, quick and easy search mechanisms for data in various forms. • Encourage robust concept development, influence different strategies, promote interconnectedness • Arouse interest among learners through animation, audio, videos and other graphics

DEMERITS • Allowing students to follow poorly designed animations is dangerous. • Use of

DEMERITS • Allowing students to follow poorly designed animations is dangerous. • Use of CDs as learning resource is still evolving.

CONCLUSION • It is clear that audio visual aids are important tools for teaching

CONCLUSION • It is clear that audio visual aids are important tools for teaching learning process. • It helps the teacher to present the lesson effectively and students learn and retain the concepts better and for longer duration. • Use of audio visual aids improves students' critical and analytical thinking. • It helps to remove abstract concepts through visual presentation. However, improper and unplanned use of these aids can have negative effect on the learning