2010TYPTIYPT IYPT Competition Education Experience TETRIS I for

2010年TYPT和IYPT

大綱 IYPT Competition Education Experience TETRIS 字母的代表意義! I for international, Y for young, P for physics and T for tournament. 競賽規則介紹 Report, opposition, review and jury grading. IYPT如何幫助與提升學生對科學的興趣 Long time team work, experiments, competition, social aspect 分享IYPT題目研究結果 Share the results of some IYPT problems, IYPT的國際合作計畫 Experiences can be shared and how we can help.

Physicists’(物理學家的) • 題目聚焦於物理上 兩個耦合的指南針: Place a compass on a table. Place a similar compass next to the first one and shake it gently to make the needle start oscillating. The original compass' needle will start oscillating. Observe and explain the behaviour of these coupled oscillators. 熱球: Put a hot metal ball on parallel horizontal rails. The ball starts to move. Investigate the phenomenon. 皺褶的路面: After traffic has used an unpaved road for some time the surface of the road gets a "wave" structure with a well defined wavelength. Investigate and explain this phenomenon.

Physicists’ (物理學家的) • 有些問題會觸及化學 反應: Make an aqueous solution of gelatine (10 g gelatine in 90 ml of water), heat it to 80 degrees C in a water bath and mix it with a solution of potassium iodide. Pour the solution in a test tube and cool it. Pour a solution of copper sulphate on the surface of the gel. Find a physical explanation to the observed phenomena. • 有些問題甚至會觸及生物 蟋蟀: Some insects, such as crickets, produce a rather impressive sound by rubbing together two parts of their body. Investigate this phenomenon. Build a device producing a sound in a similar way.

Scheme of the fight (辯論流程) … continued Opposition 對手(opponent)之一隊員做報告 5 minutes, might be shorter Discussion Questions Review Remarks 報告者(Report )與對手(Opponent)進行討論 10 minutes + remainder from the previous stage 評論者問雙方問題 (3 minutes) 評論者報告( 3 minutes) 報告者(Reporter)做總結( 2 minutes)

Scheme of the fight … yet continued Questions Grading Explanations Jury members ask questions 5 minutes, 15 seconds for question, 30 seconds for answer Jury members reveal their grades to all teams Similar to figure skating system Jury members explain their extreme grades A few minutes The whole round takes about one hour A fight consists of three (or four) rounds, every team taking every position The competition consists of several fights (5 + finals on IYPT), teams meet different teams and juries

Report Skateboarder A skateboarder on a horizontal surface can accelerate from rest just by moving the body, without touching external support. Investigate the parameters that affect the motion of a skateboard propelled by this method. Presentation of the team of Austria in the final of IYPT competition of 2009

Opposition • • • Unclear points are settled down in questions phase Clear statement on the report is presented • Theory • Experiment • Match of the data • Presentation, speech etc. In discussion points of disagreement are touched

Review • • • Questions to both reporter and opponent Clear statements • Report, pros, cons, any major topics missed • Opposition, strong points, missed points • Discussion, on or off topic, missed points Reporter has the right to react finally

Jury • • • Questions only to clarify the report and statements of opponent and reviewer Grades are firstly written individually on scoring sheets Later they are presented publicly • Highest and lowest grades are taken with ½ weight • Any extreme grades have to be justified • Reporter gets a factor of 3, opponent a factor of 2 and reviewer a factor of 1

IOC 和十七道辯論題 17道辯論題目： 在比賽的前一年九月之前公布 2011年的第七題: 7. Cup drum A plastic cup is held upside down and tapped on its base. Investigate the sound produced when the open end of the cup is above, on or below a water surface.

Brilliant Pattern l Problem Suspend a water drop at the lower end of a vertical pipe. Illuminate the drop using a laser pointer and observe the pattern created on a screen. Study and explain the structure of the pattern 27

Hypothesis Effects of reflection and refraction d/2 a Geometrical Optics + Physical Optics Diffraction Physical Optics 28

Experiment 10 mw, 532 nm, Radius: 1. 45 mm 1 mm Laser Pointer 35 cm 29

Question：Steel Balls n Colliding two large steel balls with a thin sheet of material (e. g. paper) in between may "burn" a hole in the sheet. Investigate this effect for various materials. 30

Problem # 13 ¡Shrieking rod ¡A metal rod is held between two fingers and hit. Investigate how the sound produced depends on the position of holding and hitting the rod?

Experimental Setup ¡ Notebook, with a soundcard Oscilloscope installed. http: //www. zeitnitz. de/Christian/Scope_en. html ¡ One Microphone, Three Aluminum Rods , a mallet. Shape : 1. 100 cm long, 6 mm in diameter. 2. 48 cm long, 19 mm in diameter. 3. 48 cm long, 9. 5 mm in diameter.

Experimental Setup

m=3 to m = 21

結語 • • Basic asset of YPT in comparison to other similar activities is mainly the combination of following aspects: Team work Long-term work on an open problem Cooperation with teachers and scientists, including independent information search and evaluation Direct (face to face) competition with other student

Benefits for teachers taking part in YPT include: • Motivation of more students in physics and hard sciences (often a whole class starts to be truly interested in some problems) • Gaining contacts in scientific sphere • Further education and development • Increasing the prestige of the subject and the school

TYPT New Problems ¡ 1. Adhesive tape Determine the force necessary to remove a piece of adhesive tape from a horizontal surface. Investigate the influence of relevant parameters. ¡ 2. Air drying Table utensils (dishes, cutlery, etc. ), after being washed, dry differently. Investigate how the time of drying depends on relevant parameters. ¡ 4. Breaking spaghetti Find the conditions under which dry spaghetti falling on a hard floor does not break.

TYPT New Problems ¡ 5. Car Build a model car powered by an engine using an elastic air-filled toy-balloon as the energy source. Determine how the distance travelled by the car depends on relevant parameters and maximize the efficiency of the car. ¡ 7. Cup drum A plastic cup is held upside-down and tapped on its base. Investigate the sound produced when the open end of the cup is above, on or below a water surface.

TYPT New Problems ¡ 9. Escaping powder When a hot wire is plunged into a beaker of water with powder (e. g. lycopodium) floating on the surface, the powder moves rapidly. Investigate the parameters that alter the speed of movement of the powder. ¡ 10. Faraday heaping When a container filled with small spheres (e. g. mustard seeds) is vibrated vertically with a frequency between 1 - 10 Hz, so called Faraday heaping occurs. Explore this phenomenon.

TYPT New Problems ¡ 11. Fingerprints Fill a glass with a liquid and hold it in your hands. If you look from above at the inner walls of the glass, you will notice that the only thing visible through the walls is a very bright and clear image of patterns on your fingertips. Study and explain this phenomenon. ¡ 13. Light bulb What is the ratio between thermal energy and light energy emitted from a small electric bulb depending on the voltage applied to a bulb?

TYPT New Problems ¡ 14. Moving cylinder Place a sheet of paper on a horizontal table and put a cylindrical object (e. g. a pencil) on the paper. Pull the paper out. Observe and investigate the motion of the cylinder until it comes to rest. ¡ 15. Slow descent Design and make a device, using one sheet of A 4 80 gram per m 2 paper that will take the longest possible time to fall to the ground through a vertical distance of 2. 5 m. A small amount of glue may be used. Investigate the influence of the relevant parameters.

TYPT New Problems ¡ 16. Smoke stream A glass jar is covered with cellophane. A tightly folded paper tube of length 4 -5 cm is inserted hermetically into the jar through the cellophane cover. The tube is oriented horizontally. If one burns the outside end of the tube the dense smoke flows into the jar. Explore this phenomenon.