Monopolistic Competition 1 Perfect Competition Monopolistic Competition Oligopoly

  • Slides: 26
Download presentation
Monopolistic Competition 1

Monopolistic Competition 1

Perfect Competition Monopolistic Competition Oligopoly Pure Monopoly Characteristics of Monopolistic Competition: • Relatively Large

Perfect Competition Monopolistic Competition Oligopoly Pure Monopoly Characteristics of Monopolistic Competition: • Relatively Large Number of Sellers • Differentiated Products • Some control over price • Easy Entry and Exit (Low Barriers) • A lot of non-price competition (Advertising) 2

Examples: 1. Fast Food Restaurants 2. Furniture companies 3. Jewelry stores 4. Hair Salons

Examples: 1. Fast Food Restaurants 2. Furniture companies 3. Jewelry stores 4. Hair Salons 5. Clothing Manufacturers 3

“Monopoly” + ”Competition” Monopolistic Qualities • Control over price of own good due to

“Monopoly” + ”Competition” Monopolistic Qualities • Control over price of own good due to differentiated product • D greater than MR • Plenty of Advertising • Not efficient Perfect Competition Qualities • Large number of smaller firms • Relatively easy entry and exit • Zero Economic Profit in Long-Run since firms can enter 4

Differentiated Products • Goods are NOT identical. • Firms seek to capture a piece

Differentiated Products • Goods are NOT identical. • Firms seek to capture a piece of the market by making unique goods. • Since these products have substitutes, firms use NON -PRICE Competition. Examples of NON-PRICE Competition • Brand Names and Packaging • Product Attributes • Service • Location • Advertising (Two Goals) 1. Increase Demand 2. Make demand more INELASTIC 5

 • Obey your Thirst – Sprite • Is it in you – Gatorade

• Obey your Thirst – Sprite • Is it in you – Gatorade • My heart to yours – Pillsbury • Two for me, none for you – Twix • Hungry, why wait? – Snickers • Give me a break – Kit Kat • Like a good neighbor… – State Farm Name The Product 6

 • There is no wrong way to eat a – Reese’s • I’m

• There is no wrong way to eat a – Reese’s • I’m love’n it – Mc. Donalds • Once you pop you can’t stop – Pringles • Choosy mothers choose _______. – Jiff • You can do it, we can help. – Home Depot • Zoom, zoom – Mazda • What is in your wallet? – Capital One Name The Product 7

 • It just keeps going and going… – Energizer • Bet ya can’t

• It just keeps going and going… – Energizer • Bet ya can’t eat just one. – Lays Potato Chips • Double your pleasure, double your fun – Doublemint Gum • Have it your way – Burger King • Don’t leave home without it. – American Express • The quicker picker upper. – Bounty Name The Product 8

Review 1. Identify the 4 market structures. 2. Define Price Discrimination. 3. List characteristics

Review 1. Identify the 4 market structures. 2. Define Price Discrimination. 3. List characteristics of monopolistic competition. 4. List Monopolistic Qualities. 5. List Competitive Qualities. 9

Drawing Monopolistic Competition 10

Drawing Monopolistic Competition 10

Monopolistic Competition is made up of prices makers so MR is less than Demand

Monopolistic Competition is made up of prices makers so MR is less than Demand In the short-run, it is the same graph as a monopoly P making profit MC ATC P 1 D In the long-run, new firms will enter, driving down the DEMAND for firms already in the market. MR Q 11

Firms enter so demand falls until there is no economic profit P MC ATC

Firms enter so demand falls until there is no economic profit P MC ATC P 1 D MR Q 12

Firms enter so demand falls until there is no economic profit Price and quantity

Firms enter so demand falls until there is no economic profit Price and quantity falls and TR=TC P MC ATC PLR D MR QLR Q 13

LONG-RUN EQUILIBRIUM Quantity where MR =MC up to Price = ATC P MC ATC

LONG-RUN EQUILIBRIUM Quantity where MR =MC up to Price = ATC P MC ATC PLR D MR QLR Q 14

Why does DEMAND shift? When short-run profits are made… – New firms enter. –

Why does DEMAND shift? When short-run profits are made… – New firms enter. – New firms mean more close substitutes and less market shares for each existing firm. – Demand for each firm falls. When short-run losses are made… – Firms exit. – Result is less substitutes and more market shares for remaining firms. – Demand for each firm rises. 15

What happens when there is a loss? In the short-run, the graph is the

What happens when there is a loss? In the short-run, the graph is the same as a ATC monopoly making a loss P MC P 1 D In the long-run, firms will leave, driving up the DEMAND for firms already in the market. MR Q 16

Firms leave so demand increases until there is no economic profit ATC P MC

Firms leave so demand increases until there is no economic profit ATC P MC P 1 D MR Q 17

Firms leave so demand increases until there is no economic profit Price and quantity

Firms leave so demand increases until there is no economic profit Price and quantity increase and TR=TC ATC P MC PLR D MR QLR Q 18

Are Monopolistically Competitive Firms Efficient? 19

Are Monopolistically Competitive Firms Efficient? 19

LONG-RUN EQUILIBRIUM Not Allocatively Efficient because P MC Not Productively Efficient because not producing

LONG-RUN EQUILIBRIUM Not Allocatively Efficient because P MC Not Productively Efficient because not producing P at Minimum ATC MC ATC PLR D MR QLR QSocially Optimal Q 20

LONG-RUN EQUILIBRIUM This firm also has EXCESS CAPACITY P MC ATC PLR D MR

LONG-RUN EQUILIBRIUM This firm also has EXCESS CAPACITY P MC ATC PLR D MR QLR QSocially Optimal Q 21

Excess Capacity • Given current resources, the firm can produce at the lowest costs

Excess Capacity • Given current resources, the firm can produce at the lowest costs (minimum ATC) but they decide not to. • The gap between the minimum ATC output and the profit maximizing output. • Not the amount underproduced 22

LONG-RUN EQUILIBRIUM The firm can produce at a lower cost but it holds back

LONG-RUN EQUILIBRIUM The firm can produce at a lower cost but it holds back P production to maximize profit MC ATC PLR D Excess Capacity MR QLR QProd Efficient Q 23

Practice Question Assume there is a monopolistically competitive firm in long-run equilibrium. If this

Practice Question Assume there is a monopolistically competitive firm in long-run equilibrium. If this firm were to realize productive efficiency, it would: A) have more economic profit. B) have a loss. C) also achieve allocative efficiency. D) be under producing. E) be in long-run equilibrium. 24

Advantages of MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION • Large number of firms and product variation meets societies

Advantages of MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION • Large number of firms and product variation meets societies needs. • Nonprice Competition (product differentiation and advertising) may result in sustained profits for some firms. Ex: Nike might continue to make above normal profit because they are a well known brand. 25

FOUR MARKET MODELS 26

FOUR MARKET MODELS 26