1 Ecological footprints Wackernagel M 1996 Our Ecological
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1. 歷史背景與現況 生態足跡 (Ecological footprints) • Wackernagel, M. (1996) Our Ecological Footprint: reducing human impact on the Earth. 現代 4 過去 科技讓我們可以享受得更多。 但問題是資源的再生來源(太陽)並沒有增加。 Ecotourism Ethics and Economics
1. 歷史背景與現況 快速改變(惡質化) 的世界 感染疾病 生態環境 土地利用 生物多樣姓 下降 全球大氣 臭氧層 外來種入侵 毒化生物界 6 Components and interactions of Human. Accelerated Environmental Change http: //www. limnology. org/news/president/2004. shtml
可持續發展 = 現在 + 未來 1. 歷史背景與現況 • “Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. ” --The Bruntland Report (1987) 生態 生產 生活 10 10 http: //www. civilengineergroup. com/principles-sustainable-development. html
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2. 生態 + 經濟 +倫理 經濟發展的原則 1. Our goal should be an environmentally sustainable economy. (我們的目標是環境可持續的經濟) 2. We should pay as we go for the costs of environmental externalities. (環境外部性,必要內部化) 3. Environmental policies(環境政策) should affirm the precautionary principle. (禁漏原則) 4. Economic power(經濟力) should be constrained by the rule of law. (法律限制) 22 Ecotourism Ethics and Economics
倫理主張:『禁漏原則』(Precautionary principle) p A common sense way to protect Public Health and the Environment • prepared by the Science and Environmental Health Network (Jan 2000) p Be careful 小心為本 p Better safe than sorry 無悔原則 p First do no harm 安全第一 23 Ecotourism Ethics and Economics
在地行動,國際接軌 3. 生態旅遊 Sustainability vs. number of people Subsistence use Local markets 生活使用 當地市場 National markets Multi-national trade 國家市場 跨國貿易 Economic return (經濟利益) Number of people supported Spatial extent Sustainability (可持續性) 34 Ecotourism Ethics and Economics
企業與環保的關係…. . 歷史軌跡 4. 企業經濟發展趨勢 1. 1970 s 之前 Unprepared (未準備) 2. 1970 s Reactive (回應):管制標準 被動 3. 1980 s Anticipatory (預先回應):避免污染 4. 1990 s Proactive (積極的回應):生態效率 (ecoefficiency) 5. 2000 s 之後 (高度整合):可持續發展 (sustainable developmen. High integration t) : 6. 2010 s之後,真善美的價值創造 (有機融合) 38 Ecotourism Ethics and Economics 主動
Before-1990 39 Fig. 11 -1. The boutface needed in the management of production systems. (A( Focus on output (yield) with consequences such as increased nonpointsource population.
Post 1990 40 Ayo 2010 Taisug
4. 企業經濟發展趨勢 案例比較: Sony Clie (PDA) (2000 -2005) • 程師追求「技術與設計卓越」 的企圖心。 • 於 2005年中永久停產。 42 ARM compatible CPU/Palm. OS 5. 0 & 5. 2 • NX series (2002– 2004) • NZ series (2003– 2004) • TG series (2003– 2004) • UX series (2003– 2004) • TJ series (2003– 2004) • TH series (2004) • VZ series (2004 -2005) (Japan only)
4. 企業經濟發展趨勢 事業 生態學 44 Abe, J. M. , P. E. Dempsey, and D. A. Bassett (1998) Business Ecology, giving your organization the natural edge. Butterworth-Heinemann.
倫理 經濟 生態 46 Ecotourism Ethics and Economics
倫理 經濟 47 生態 Ecotourism Ethics and Economics
倫理 經濟 生態 48 Ecotourism Ethics and Economics
4. 企業經濟發展趨勢 Interface 公司: 朝向可持續發展成功的範例 Ray C. Anderson 著 / 鄭益明 譯 新自然主義出版 u. PLETSUS: Practices Leading Toward Sustainability (公司操作導向提升可持續性) u. QUEST: Quality Utilizing Employees’ Suggestions and Teamwork 49 (有效的接受員 的創意,彙整 合作的力量,質的提升)
World change vs. Change the world 5. 結語:個人開始的力量 51 http: //www. premisemarketing. com/generationyandz/ http: //empoweredonlineentrepreneurs. com/marketing-psychology/living-a-life-out-of-the-box/
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