What is a Mineral A mineral is a

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What is a Mineral? A mineral is a naturally occurring substance that is inorganic

What is a Mineral? A mineral is a naturally occurring substance that is inorganic and has a unique chemical and crystalline structure. Inorganic = Not living

What do all minerals have in common. • 1. Natural • 2. not living

What do all minerals have in common. • 1. Natural • 2. not living • 3. Unique, crystalline and chemical Structure • Create a cheat sheet for test

Minerals in the earths crust • 1800 • Quartz 50 silicate

Minerals in the earths crust • 1800 • Quartz 50 silicate

Pg. 26 Skip a line between mineral names. • • 1. Halite 2. Calcite

Pg. 26 Skip a line between mineral names. • • 1. Halite 2. Calcite 3. Magnetite 4. Lodestone 5. Sulfur 6. Mica 7. Pyrolusite 8. Bentonite- • • 9. Feldspar 10. Fluorite 11. Graphite 12. Bauxite 13. Quartz 14. Hematite 15. Barite-

Making observations: • Color • Shiny, not shiny • Smooth or rough • Smell

Making observations: • Color • Shiny, not shiny • Smooth or rough • Smell

pg 26 As you walk around the stations, write down observations about the mineral

pg 26 As you walk around the stations, write down observations about the mineral samples. You will have 30 seconds at each station. Observations: What characteristics do all minerals have in common?

Ch. 5 Minerals of the Earth’s Crust

Ch. 5 Minerals of the Earth’s Crust

Warm up Question • • • What is thought to cause gravity? A. The

Warm up Question • • • What is thought to cause gravity? A. The moon and earths relationship B. Iron ore on the surface. C. Convection currents in the upper mantle. The rotation of the earth around the sun.

What is a Mineral? • Natural, usually inorganic solid substance with a crystal structure.

What is a Mineral? • Natural, usually inorganic solid substance with a crystal structure. – Inorganic=nonliving Pyromorphite

What do all minerals have in common? All: 1. Are formed by natural processes.

What do all minerals have in common? All: 1. Are formed by natural processes. 2. Are NOT alive and NEVER were alive and not made by living things. 3. Are solids with a definite volume and shape. 4. Are elements or compounds with a unique chemical makeup 5. Are made up of particles that are arranged in a pattern that is repeated over and over (called a CRYSTAL)

Minerals in the Earth’s Crust • There are more than 3000 different types of

Minerals in the Earth’s Crust • There are more than 3000 different types of minerals, but only 20 are common. • Quartz(Si. O 2)is the most common mineral in the Earth’s crust.

Warm up • A Biotic factor that might be studied in an ecosystem is

Warm up • A Biotic factor that might be studied in an ecosystem is the A. Size of soil particles. B. Percent of soil moisture. C. Rate of algae growth. D. p. H of lake water.

Groups of Minerals • Minerals are grouped by the elements they are made of.

Groups of Minerals • Minerals are grouped by the elements they are made of. Beryl (Emerald) Calcite Amethyst

Mineral Group 1. Silicates Characteristics n. Contain Oxygen & Silica n. The most abundant

Mineral Group 1. Silicates Characteristics n. Contain Oxygen & Silica n. The most abundant group of minerals n. Make up 95% of the Earth’s crust MICA Examples Quartz (Si. O 2, mica) Quartz

Mineral Group Characteristics n. Do not contain 2. Non-Silicates compounds of Silica and Oxygen

Mineral Group Characteristics n. Do not contain 2. Non-Silicates compounds of Silica and Oxygen n. Make up only 5% of the Earth’s crust n. Include some of the most important minerals Examples § 6 different groups based on the main elements they contain.

Mineral Group A. Carbonates Characteristics n. Carbon Examples & Calcite (Ca. CO 3) Oxygen

Mineral Group A. Carbonates Characteristics n. Carbon Examples & Calcite (Ca. CO 3) Oxygen and a positive ion, such as Calcium Calcite with Duftite inclusions

Mineral Group B. Halides Characteristics Examples Chlorine or Flourine Halite(Na. Cl) combined with Sodium

Mineral Group B. Halides Characteristics Examples Chlorine or Flourine Halite(Na. Cl) combined with Sodium Flourite(Ca. F 2) or Potassium. n

Mineral Group C. Oxides Characteristics Metallic ion and Oxygen Examples Hematite (Fe 2)O 3

Mineral Group C. Oxides Characteristics Metallic ion and Oxygen Examples Hematite (Fe 2)O 3

Mineral Group D. Sulfides Characteristics Sulfur and a metallic ion Galena Examples Galena (Pb.

Mineral Group D. Sulfides Characteristics Sulfur and a metallic ion Galena Examples Galena (Pb. S)

Mineral Group E. Sulfates Barite on Calcite Ba. So 4 / Ca. CO 3

Mineral Group E. Sulfates Barite on Calcite Ba. So 4 / Ca. CO 3 Characteristics Metallic Sulfur & Oxygen ion, Barite Ba. So 4 Examples Barite (Ba. SO 4)

Mineral Group F. Native Elements Characteristics Single elements Examples Gold (Au), Diamond (C), Silver

Mineral Group F. Native Elements Characteristics Single elements Examples Gold (Au), Diamond (C), Silver (Ag)

What is a gem? n n n A Mineral OR Rock that has value

What is a gem? n n n A Mineral OR Rock that has value Rare ! Sometimes polishing or cutting will add value

Thru 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Mineral Silicate mineral Nonsilicate mineral Crystal Mineralogist

Thru 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Mineral Silicate mineral Nonsilicate mineral Crystal Mineralogist 6. Streak 7. Luster 8. Cleavage 9. Fracture 10. Moh’s Hardness Scale

Out A pearl forms when a particle of dirt gets trapped in the soft

Out A pearl forms when a particle of dirt gets trapped in the soft tissue of an oyster. To protect itself from the irritating particle, the oyster secretes a protective layer of a white material called nacre to cover the particle. This nacre covered particle is what we harvest as a pearl. 1. Is a pearl a mineral? 2. Why or why not?

Thurs. 11/1 and Fri. 11/2

Thurs. 11/1 and Fri. 11/2

In: pg Watch “Crystals” by Brainpop… 1. What element are diamonds made from? 2.

In: pg Watch “Crystals” by Brainpop… 1. What element are diamonds made from? 2. What do all crystals have in common?

Thru 1: pg Crystal Models • Divide the 8 crystal models up between the

Thru 1: pg Crystal Models • Divide the 8 crystal models up between the people at your table(if you have 4 people at your table, each person gets 2 different crystals) • Cut out the models along the solid lines and fold along the dotted lines. • Put one very small dot of glue on each tab and glue the sides of your crystal together. • Glue your crystal model in the appropriate space on your group’s “Crystal Shapes” sheet. • Answer the analysis questions. Analysis Questions: 1. What are the 8 crystal shapes? 2. Which crystal shapes did you make? 3. What characteristics do all crystals share?

Thru 2 Article: Rockin’ Gems • Read the article and answer the questions.

Thru 2 Article: Rockin’ Gems • Read the article and answer the questions.

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Out

Mon. 11/5 and Wed. 11/7

Mon. 11/5 and Wed. 11/7

In: pg

In: pg

Thru 1: pg • Minerals CLOZE passage

Thru 1: pg • Minerals CLOZE passage

Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) Color • Can

Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) Color • Can be misleading • Can vary with the type of impurities

Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) Luster • Surface

Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) Luster • Surface reflection • metallic = shiny like metal • non-metallic = dull, non-shiny surface Pyrite has a metallic luster Calcite has a non-metallic luster

Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) Streak • The

Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) Streak • The color of the powdered form of the mineral • The color of the streak can be different than the mineral • Minerals must be softer than the streak plate

Streak…can help identify quartz http: //www. childrensmuseum. org/geomysteries/cube/b 3. html

Streak…can help identify quartz http: //www. childrensmuseum. org/geomysteries/cube/b 3. html

Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) Hardness • How

Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) Hardness • How easily a mineral scratches materials • Mohs Hardness Scale • Scale from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest) • Test by seeing if the mineral can scratch different objects (like human fingernail, copper, penny, glass, steel file)

Find out more… • “Electronic” Hardness Test http: //www. childrensmuseum. org/geomy steries/cube/b 2. html

Find out more… • “Electronic” Hardness Test http: //www. childrensmuseum. org/geomy steries/cube/b 2. html

Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) Cleavage & Fracture

Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) Cleavage & Fracture – The way the mineral breaks – Cleavage—minerals break along smooth, flat surfaces and every fragment has the same general shape – Fracture—minerals that break at random with rough or jagged edges

Cleavage or Fracture? 1. 4. 2. 3.

Cleavage or Fracture? 1. 4. 2. 3.

Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) Other Properties –

Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) Other Properties – Specific gravity (*excellent clue to mineral’s identity) http: //www. childrensmuseum. org/geomysteries/cube/b 4. html – Attraction to magnets – Bending of light – Reaction with hydrochloric acid – Smell & taste

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Thurs. 11/8 and Fri. 11/9

Thurs. 11/8 and Fri. 11/9

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Tues. 11/13 and Wed. 11/14

Tues. 11/13 and Wed. 11/14

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In: pg

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