Earth Science 2 3 Properties of Minerals Properties
![Earth Science 2. 3 �Properties of Minerals Earth Science 2. 3 �Properties of Minerals](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-1.jpg)
![Properties Minerals � As you can see from the illustration at right, minerals occur Properties Minerals � As you can see from the illustration at right, minerals occur](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-2.jpg)
![Color � While color can be an identifying factor in some types of minerals, Color � While color can be an identifying factor in some types of minerals,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-3.jpg)
![Streak � Streak is the color of a mineral in it’s powdered form � Streak � Streak is the color of a mineral in it’s powdered form �](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-4.jpg)
![Luster � Luster is used to describe how light is reflected from the surface Luster � Luster is used to describe how light is reflected from the surface](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-5.jpg)
![Crystal Form � Crystal Form is the visible expression of a mineral’s internal arrangement Crystal Form � Crystal Form is the visible expression of a mineral’s internal arrangement](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-6.jpg)
![Crystal Form � Usually, when a mineral forms slowly and without space restrictions, it Crystal Form � Usually, when a mineral forms slowly and without space restrictions, it](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-7.jpg)
![Hardness � Hardness is one of the most useful properties used to differentiate between Hardness � Hardness is one of the most useful properties used to differentiate between](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-8.jpg)
![Hardness � To test for hardness, you can rub a mineral against a mineral Hardness � To test for hardness, you can rub a mineral against a mineral](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-9.jpg)
![Hardness � Any material of unknown hardness can be rubbed against these known materials Hardness � Any material of unknown hardness can be rubbed against these known materials](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-10.jpg)
![Cleavage � In the atomic structure of a mineral, some bonds are weaker than Cleavage � In the atomic structure of a mineral, some bonds are weaker than](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-11.jpg)
![Cleavage � Cleavage is the tendency of a mineral to break, or cleave, along Cleavage � Cleavage is the tendency of a mineral to break, or cleave, along](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-12.jpg)
![Cleavage � Minerals called Micas show the simplest cleavages; breaking into thin flat sheets Cleavage � Minerals called Micas show the simplest cleavages; breaking into thin flat sheets](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-13.jpg)
![Fracture � Minerals that do not show cleavage when stressed are said to fracture Fracture � Minerals that do not show cleavage when stressed are said to fracture](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-14.jpg)
![Fracture � Other minerals, like asbestos, break into splinters or fibers when stressed. � Fracture � Other minerals, like asbestos, break into splinters or fibers when stressed. �](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-15.jpg)
![Density � Density is a property of all matter � Density is the ratio Density � Density is a property of all matter � Density is the ratio](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-16.jpg)
![Density � The density of a pure element has a constant unchanging value. � Density � The density of a pure element has a constant unchanging value. �](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-17.jpg)
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-18.jpg)
- Slides: 18
![Earth Science 2 3 Properties of Minerals Earth Science 2. 3 �Properties of Minerals](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-1.jpg)
Earth Science 2. 3 �Properties of Minerals
![Properties Minerals As you can see from the illustration at right minerals occur Properties Minerals � As you can see from the illustration at right, minerals occur](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-2.jpg)
Properties Minerals � As you can see from the illustration at right, minerals occur in many different shapes and colors. � 8 main characteristics are used to identify and differentiate mineral groups from each other 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Color Streak Luster Crystal form Hardness Cleavage Fracture Density
![Color While color can be an identifying factor in some types of minerals Color � While color can be an identifying factor in some types of minerals,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-3.jpg)
Color � While color can be an identifying factor in some types of minerals, this property is often not useful for identifying minerals. � This is because small amounts of different elements can give the same mineral different colors.
![Streak Streak is the color of a mineral in its powdered form Streak � Streak is the color of a mineral in it’s powdered form �](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-4.jpg)
Streak � Streak is the color of a mineral in it’s powdered form � Streak is obtained by rubbing a mineral across a streak plate, a piece of unglazed porcelain. � While the color of a mineral may vary from sample to sample, the streak usually doesn’t vary. � Therefore streak can be a good indicator to differentiate between mineral groups.
![Luster Luster is used to describe how light is reflected from the surface Luster � Luster is used to describe how light is reflected from the surface](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-5.jpg)
Luster � Luster is used to describe how light is reflected from the surface of a mineral � Minerals that have the appearance of metals, regardless of their color, are said to have a metallic luster. � Minerals with nonmetallic lusters are described by a variety of names: vitreous or glassy, pearly, silky, earthy, brilliant. � Materials that fall in between can be said to have a sub-metallic luster Metallic lusters Glassy translucent luster
![Crystal Form Crystal Form is the visible expression of a minerals internal arrangement Crystal Form � Crystal Form is the visible expression of a mineral’s internal arrangement](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-6.jpg)
Crystal Form � Crystal Form is the visible expression of a mineral’s internal arrangement of atoms. � Every mineral has a crystal form based off one of six distinct crystal systems
![Crystal Form Usually when a mineral forms slowly and without space restrictions it Crystal Form � Usually, when a mineral forms slowly and without space restrictions, it](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-7.jpg)
Crystal Form � Usually, when a mineral forms slowly and without space restrictions, it will develop into a crystal with well-formed sides. � When the mineral is crowded in it’s growth however, it results in an intergrown mass of smaller crystals.
![Hardness Hardness is one of the most useful properties used to differentiate between Hardness � Hardness is one of the most useful properties used to differentiate between](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-8.jpg)
Hardness � Hardness is one of the most useful properties used to differentiate between mineral groups � Hardness is the measure of resistance of a mineral to being scratched. � The harder the mineral, the less likely it can be scratched.
![Hardness To test for hardness you can rub a mineral against a mineral Hardness � To test for hardness, you can rub a mineral against a mineral](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-9.jpg)
Hardness � To test for hardness, you can rub a mineral against a mineral with a known hardness. � Scientists use a standard hardness scale called a Mohs Scale. A Mohs Scale consists of 10 minerals arranged from 10 (hardest) to 1 (softest).
![Hardness Any material of unknown hardness can be rubbed against these known materials Hardness � Any material of unknown hardness can be rubbed against these known materials](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-10.jpg)
Hardness � Any material of unknown hardness can be rubbed against these known materials to determine it’s hardness. � The harder material will always scratch the softer material.
![Cleavage In the atomic structure of a mineral some bonds are weaker than Cleavage � In the atomic structure of a mineral, some bonds are weaker than](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-11.jpg)
Cleavage � In the atomic structure of a mineral, some bonds are weaker than others. � These weak bonds are places where a mineral will break when stress is applied.
![Cleavage Cleavage is the tendency of a mineral to break or cleave along Cleavage � Cleavage is the tendency of a mineral to break, or cleave, along](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-12.jpg)
Cleavage � Cleavage is the tendency of a mineral to break, or cleave, along flat, even surfaces.
![Cleavage Minerals called Micas show the simplest cleavages breaking into thin flat sheets Cleavage � Minerals called Micas show the simplest cleavages; breaking into thin flat sheets](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-13.jpg)
Cleavage � Minerals called Micas show the simplest cleavages; breaking into thin flat sheets � Quartz, on the other hand, has no cleavage but fractures instead. � Some minerals have cleavage in more than one direction.
![Fracture Minerals that do not show cleavage when stressed are said to fracture Fracture � Minerals that do not show cleavage when stressed are said to fracture](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-14.jpg)
Fracture � Minerals that do not show cleavage when stressed are said to fracture � Fracture is the uneven breakage of a mineral. � Quartz shows a curved scalloped fracture called a conchoidal fracture
![Fracture Other minerals like asbestos break into splinters or fibers when stressed Fracture � Other minerals, like asbestos, break into splinters or fibers when stressed. �](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-15.jpg)
Fracture � Other minerals, like asbestos, break into splinters or fibers when stressed. � Many minerals have an irregular fracture.
![Density Density is a property of all matter Density is the ratio Density � Density is a property of all matter � Density is the ratio](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-16.jpg)
Density � Density is a property of all matter � Density is the ratio of an object’s mass to it’s volume (it’s weight to it’s size)
![Density The density of a pure element has a constant unchanging value Density � The density of a pure element has a constant unchanging value. �](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-17.jpg)
Density � The density of a pure element has a constant unchanging value. � Thus density can be used to determine the purity or identity of some minerals.
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/f97143db41d2e12647153d78a4d5e2c1/image-18.jpg)
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