Tissues and tissue types n Tissues are n
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Tissues and tissue types n Tissues are: n Collections of specialized cells and cell products organized to perform a limited number of functions n Histology n = study of tissues The four tissue types are: Epithelial n Connective n Muscular n Nervous n
Epithelial tissue n Includes glands and epithelium n Glands are secretory Is avascular n Forms a protective barrier that regulates permeability n Cells may show polarity n
Functions of epithelium Physical protection n Control permeability n Provide sensation n Produce specialized secretions n
Specializations of epithelium Perform secretory functions n Perform transport functions n Maintain physical integrity n Ciliated epithelia move materials across their surface n
The Polarity of Epithelial Cells
Maintaining the integrity of epithelium Cells attach via cell adhesion molecules (CAM) n Cells attach at specialized cell junctions n Tight junctions n Desmosomes n Gap junctions n
Intercellular connections
Structure of typical epithelium n Basal lamina attaches to underlying surface Lamina lucida n Lamina densa n n Germinative cells replace short-lived epithelial cells
Classification of epithelia n Number of cell layers Simple n Stratified n n Shape of apical surface cells Squamous n Cuboidal n Columnar n
Squamous Epithelia
Cuboidal Epithelia
Cuboidal Epithelia
Columnar Epithelia
Columnar Epithelia
Columnar Epithelia
Transitional Epithelium
Glandular epithelia n Exocrine glands n n Secrete through ducts onto the surface of the gland Endocrine glands n Release hormones into surrounding fluid
Glandular secretions can be: Merocrine (product released through exocytosis) n Apocrine (involves the loss of both product and cytoplasm) n Holocrine (destroys the cell) n
Mechanisms of Glandular Secretion
Glands n Unicellular n n Individual secretory cells Multicellular Organs containing glandular epithelium n Classified according to structure n
A Structural Classification of Exocrine Glands
Connective tissue functions: Establishing a structural framework n Transporting fluids and dissolved materials n Protecting delicate organs n Supporting, surrounding and interconnecting tissues n Storing energy reserves n Defending the body from microorganisms n
A Classification of Connective Tissues
Connective tissues contain n n Specialized cells Matrix n Composed of extracellular protein fibers and a ground substance
Connective tissue proper Contains varied cell populations n Contains various fiber types n A syrupy ground substance n
Fluid connective tissue Contains a distinctive cell population n Watery ground substance with dissolved proteins n Two types n Blood n Lymph n
Supporting connective tissues Less diverse cell population n Dense ground substance n Closely packed fibers n Two types n Cartilage n Bone n
Connective tissue proper n Contains fibers, a viscous ground substance, and a varied cell population. n The ground substance is the non-living material in which the cells and protein fibres are found. n Can contain varying amounts of water. n Can be of viscous (blood), semi-solid (cartilage) or solid (bone). n The ground substance and the extracellular proteins form the matrix.
n Types of cells found in connective tissue: Macrophage n Adipocytes n Mesenchymal cells n Fibroblasts n Melanocytes n Mast cells n Lymphocytes n Microphages n
Connective tissue proper n Three types of fiber n n n Collagen fibers Reticular fibers Elastic fibers
Connective tissue proper Classified as loose or dense n Loose n Embryonic mesenchyme, mucous connective tissues n Areolar tissue n Adipose tissue n Reticular tissue n n Dense regular CT n Dense irregular CT n
The Cells and Fibers of Connective Tissue Proper
Connective Tissue in Embryos
Adipose and Reticular Tissues
Dense Connective Tissues
Dense Connective Tissues
Dense Connective Tissues
Fluid connective tissues Distinctive collections of cells in a fluid matrix n Blood n n Formed elements and plasma n Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets Arteries carry blood away, veins carry to the heart n Capillaries allow diffusion into the interstitial fluid n n Lymph n Interstitial fluid entering the lymphatic vessels
Formed Elements of the Blood
Supporting connective tissues Cartilage and bone support the rest of the body n Cartilage n Grows via interstitial and appositional growth n Matrix is a firm gel containing chondroitin sulfate n Cells called chondrocytes n Cells found in lacunae n Perichondrium separates cartilage from surrounding tissues n Three types: hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage n
The Perichondrium and Types of Cartilage
The Perichondrium and Types of Cartilage II
The Perichondrium and Types of Cartilage III
Bone, or osseus tissue n Has osteocytes n Depend on diffusion through canaliculi for nutrients Little ground substance n Dense mineralized matrix n Surrounded by periosteum n
Bone
Membranes are simple organs Form a barrier n Composed of epithelium and connective tissue n Four types n Cutaneous n Synovial n Serous n Mucous n
Membranes
Mucous membranes Line cavities that communicate with the exterior n Contain lamina propria n
Serous membranes Line sealed internal cavities n Form transudate n
n Cutaneous membrane n n Covers the body surface Synovial membrane n Incomplete lining within joint cavities
Organs and systems are interconnected n Network of connective tissue proper consisting of Superficial fascia n Deep fascia n Subserous fascia n
The Fasciae
Muscle tissue Specialized for contraction n Three types n Skeletal n Cardiac n Smooth n
Muscle Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Skeletal muscle Cells are multinucleate n Striated voluntary muscle n Divides via satellite cells n
Cardiac muscle Cardiocytes occur only in the heart n Striated involuntary muscle n Relies on pacemaker cells for regular contraction n
Smooth muscle tissue Non-striated involuntary muscle n Can divide and regenerate n
Neural tissue Conducts electrical impulses n Conveys information from one area to another n
Neural tissue cells n Neurons n n Transmit information Neuroglia Support neural tissue n Help supply nutrients to neurons n
Neural Tissue
Neural anatomy Cell body n Dendrites n Axon (nerve fiber) n n Carries information to other neurons
Inflammation and regeneration Injured tissues respond in coordinated fashion n Homeostasis restored by inflammation and regeneration n
Inflammatory response Isolates injured area n Damaged cells, tissue components and dangerous microorganisms removed n n n Infection avoided Regeneration restores normal function
An Introduction to Inflammation
Aging and tissue repair Change with age n Repair and maintenance less efficient n Structure altered n Chemical composition altered n
Aging and cancer incidence Incidence of cancer increases with age n 70 -80% of all cases due to exposure to chemicals or environmental factors n
Changes in a Tissue under Stress
- Mikael ferm
- Body tissue
- Four major tissue types
- Body tissues chapter 3 cells and tissues
- Anatomy chapter 3 cells and tissues
- Cells form tissues. tissues form __________.
- How is aerolar tissue different than aerenchyma tissue?
- Types of tissues
- Types of tissues
- Types of tissues
- Tissue type
- Chapter 6 bones and skeletal tissues
- Which part of the cell contains genetic material
- Chapter 3 cells and tissues figure 3-7
- Anatomy of a generalized cell figure 3-1 answer key
- Capillary tissue fluid exchange diagram
- Flexed fetal position
- Tissue meaning in biology
- Three types of ground tissue
- Areolar connective tissue
- Type of tissue
- What are the primary tissue types
- Dermal tissue types
- Chapter 5 tissues
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- Blood tissue types
- 4 types of tissue membranes
- Four primary tissue types
- Types of exocrine glands
- Types of muscle tissue
- Types of muscle
- Characteristics of stratified columnar epithelium
- Josh wright haematology
- Types of tissue
- Dense regular connective
- Four major tissues
- Function of stems
- Types of muscle tissue
- Callus culture steps
- Four basic types of animal tissue
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- Photosynthetic cells
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- Cutaway drawing of leaf tissues
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- Supporting connective tissue
- Characteristic of connective tissues?
- Tissues are groups of similar cells working together to
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- Tissues are groups of similar cells working together to
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- Division of anatomy
- Supportive tissues
- What is this tissue
- Endocrine tissues
- Tissues working together
- Tissue is a group of cells having
- Tissue in cardiovascular system
- Tissues
- Plastids
- Tissues definition
- Periradicular tissue definition
- What do all connective tissues have in common
- Analogy of tissues
- Plant tissues
- Cell wall function
- What is tissue?