The Circulatory System v The circulatory system includes
- Slides: 44
The Circulatory System v. The circulatory system includes the Heart, Blood Tissue and the Blood Vessels.
The Circulatory System. Transport • The absorption and circulation of materials throughout an organism
What does the circulatory system do? (What is its function? ) 1. Delivers food and oxygen to body cells. 2. Carries carbon dioxide and other waste products away from cells. Ø Movement of materials into and out of cells occurs by diffusion (from an area of high concentration to low concentration– no energy required) Ø Movement also occurs by active transport (from an area of low concentration to high– this requires energy)
• ** In general, the blood is a fluid tissue helping to maintain homeostasis for all cells in the body. • Transport of needed substances to body cells. (oxygen, amino acids, glucose, fatty acids, glycerol, salts, etc. )
The heart functions as a double pump beating in unison. 1. Deoxygenated blood--relatively low in oxygen 2. Oxygenated blood--relatively high in oxygen ** Heartbeat is stimulated by an electrochemical impulse. Pacemaker - in the right atrium - initiates the heartbeat
2. Transport of wastes from cells. (urea, water, carbon dioxide in the form of the bicarbonate ion) 3. Helps to maintain a constant body temperature. 4. Aids the body in fighting disease.
The Human (Mammalian) Heart Structure 1. septum: muscular central wall dividing the mammalian heart into two halves 2. atria: thin walled upper heart chambers which receive blood pump blood to the ventricles 3. Ventricles: muscular thick walled chambers which pump blood from the heart -- the lower chambers 4. Valves - prevent the backward flow of blood in the heart
A = aorta B = pulmonary arteries C = pulmonary veins D = left atrium E = valve F = left ventricle G = right ventricle H = valve I = vena cavae J = right atrium
1. Inferior & superior vena cava 2. Right atrium 3. valve 4. Right ventricle 5. valve 6. Pulmonary arteries (BLOOD TO THE LUNGS – GAS EXCHANGE) … 7. Pulmonary veins 8. Left Atrium 9. valve 10. Left ventricle 11. valve 12. Aorta
Blood Vessels 1. Arteries --carry blood away from the heart --usually spurt blood when cut --all except the pulmonary artery carry oxygenated blood --thick walled and elastic pulse: expansion and contraction of the artery walls in response to the heartbeat
Veins --carry blood toward the heart --contain valves --closer to the body surface than the arteries --all except the pulmonary vein carry deoxygenated blood --thinner, less muscular and elastic than arteries --depend upon muscle and diaphragm movements for blood flow
Capillaries --most numerous vessels --connect arteries to veins --microscopic, one cell thick walls --site of much exchange between the blood and the intracellular fluid (lymph) by diffusion
Lymph vessels -have walls one cell thick -present around all body cells -Lymph composition is similar to that of blood except for the absence of RBC and some plasma proteins. -chief site of material exchange with the tissues
Major lymph vessels have lymph nodes which contain phagocytic white blood cells which filter bacteria and dead cells from the lymph. X = lymph nodes Valves are present in some lymph vessels-aiding in the movement of the lymph. Respiratory movements also aid lymph flow.
Which Way Did it Go?
Blood Pressure
Causes of HBP implicated: 1. excess sodium intake 2. stress 3. cigarettes (nicotine) 4. saturated fats 5. alcohol & caffeine 6. obesity 7. heredity & aging No cure--may be treated by medication & diet. "Silent killer"--millions don't know they have it
Blood = a connective tissue made up of blood cells and a liquid called blood plasma. § About 7 % of your body mass § About 4. 5 - 5. 6 Liters in an adult human Men = 5. 6 Liters Women = 4. 5 Liters Pregnant woman = 5. 0 Liters The Functions of Blood Delivers: Picks Up: - Nutrients - waste kidneys - Oxygen, Water, minerals - carbon dioxide lungs - Hormones and enzymes - heat skin - pollutants
The Parts of Blood 1. Plasma =carries everything 2. Red Blood Cells =(RBC) gas exchange 3. White blood Cells =(WBC) fight infection 4. Platelets = clotting
Components of Blood
Blood Composition • Plasma 55% (liquid part of the blood); Blood Cells 45%
55% plasma 45 % RBC, WBC and platelets
Plasma- nonliving • Yellow liquid (92% H 2 O) • 8 % nutrients, salts, urea, hormones • Carries: RBC, WBC, Platelets, Carbon dioxide, food and waste
BLOOD CELL TYPES • Red Blood Cells: – most numerous – biconcave disc shaped – smaller than white blood cells, larger than platelets – no nucleus when mature – produced in the red marrow of long bones – destroyed in the liver and spleen – contain the iron protein compound HEMOGLOBIN whose chief function is to combine with oxygen and carry it to the cells
Red Blood Cells- living • 5 million in 1 drop of blood (most common) • Shape = donut Draw here: • Made in bone marrow • Live approximately 120 -125 days Hemoglobin = oxygen containing pigment Ø Binds to oxygen and carries it to the cells Ø Gives red blood cells its red color
White blood cells- living • AKA- Lymphocytes or Leukocytes • White blood cells are larger than red blood cells, but there are less of them. • 8000 in one drop of blood Function of White Blood Cells Ø surround and digest bacteria Ø Attack bacteria and viruses **Pus = WBC + dead bacteria You. Tube - White Blood Cell Chases Bacteria
White Blood cells --largest blood cells--several different types --about 8, 000 per drop of blood --most are formed in the bone marrow or in the lymph tissue --most protect the body against diseases by forming antibodies or engulfing bacteria
Main White Blood Cell Types 1. Phagocytes-- engulf bacteria and viruses by phagocytosis --able to leave the bloodstream and move between the cells of the body by squeezing through the capillary walls
2. Lymphocytes--produce antibodies which clump bacterial poisons or bacteria (antigens) (antigens--foreign substances in the body)
Platelets- living • Bits of cells • Live for approximately 10 days Function of Platelets Ø creates fibrin = enzyme that helps clot blood (tiny threads seal cuts)
3. Platelets --smallest blood cells (fragments) --150, 000 to 300, 000 per drop of blood --needed for clotting
Clotting: Involves a series of enzyme controlled reactions resulting in the formation of protein fibers that trap blood cells and form a clot.
Pacemaker- • Uses electrical impulses from wire leads inserted into the Heart. • Keeps the Heart in perfect rhythm.
• • • • Diseases and Disorders of the Circulatory System Myocardial Infarction- heart attack Hypertension- high blood pressure Hypotension- low blood pressure Stroke- clot in the brain Angina Pectoris- severe pain in chest Sickle Cell Anemia- sickle shaped rbc’s Pernicious Anemia- very low rbc count MVP- prolapsed mitral valve Pericarditis- inflammation of outer membrane covering the heart Leukemia- cancer of the blood, elevated wbc count Varicose veins- enlargement of veins Arrhythmias- irregularities in heart rhythm Endocarditis- inflammation of inner lining of heart Cardiomyopathy- weakening of the heart muscle Hemophilia- no clotting factor in the blood Thalassemia- low rbc count, genetic, low hemoglobin count
Heart Disease
Mitral Valve Surgery
Aortic Aneurysm
Aortic Valve Replacement
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