Exercise 6 Tissues Remember Chemical Cellular Tissue Organ

Exercise 6: Tissues

Remember…… Chemical Cellular Tissue Organ System Organismal Level

n Tissues are: ¨groups of cells that are similar in structure and function n Histology n The = study of tissues four tissue types are: ¨Epithelial ¨Connective ¨Muscular ¨Nervous

Epithelial Tissue n Functions ¨protection: covers surfaces ¨sensory input ¨absorption ¨filtration ¨secretion

Epithelial Tissue n Characteristics ¨avascular ¨fit closely together ¨has a “top” and “bottom”: n apical surface (free) n basement membrane ¨regeneration

Epithelial Tissue: Classification n Number of cell layers ¨Simple ¨Stratified ¨Pseudostratified n Shape of apical surface cells ¨Squamous ¨Cuboidal ¨Columnar ¨Transitional

Epithelial Tissue: Simple Squamous Function: Good for Diffusion Where found? Figure 4. 3

Epithelial Tissue: Simple Columnar Function: absorption and secretion Where found? Figure 4. 5 a

Epithelial Tissue: Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Function: secrete mucus and move mucus with cilia Where found?

Epithelial Tissue: Stratified Squamous Function: protection from abrasion Where found?

Epithelial Tissue: Transitional Functions: stretches Where found?

Epithelial Tissue: Simple Cuboidal Functions: secretion Where found? Figure 4. 4 a

Connective Tissue n Functions ¨protection ¨support ¨bind n Most together other tissues of body abundant and widespread tissue in body

Connective tissue n Characteristics ¨Rich blood flow n Exceptions? ¨Composed of n Specialized cells and n Extracellular Matrix (nonliving area between cells) ¨ protein fibers & ground substance

Four Connective Tissue Types 1 2 Fibrous Liquid 3 4 Hard

Connective Tissue: Areolar Cells: fibroblasts Matrix: gel-like Function: wraps and cushions organs

Connective Tissue: Adipose Cells: Adipocytes (fat) Matrix: sparse Function: reserves, protection, insulation Reticular Tissue Figure 4. 11

Connective Tissue: Dense Regular Cells: fibroblasts Matrix: primarily collagen fibers Function: tendons and ligaments

Connective Tissue: Hyaline Cartilage Cells: chrondrocytes in lacunae (egg-shaped) Matrix: firm with collagen Function: support and reinforce (ribs, nose, trachea)

Elastic Cartilage • More flexible/pliable • Supports and protects outside the bone • Where found?

Fibrocartilage • More dense than other cartilages • Good for support, cushioning, and shock absorption between bones • Pubic Symphysis, Meniscus of knee, verterbral column

Connective Tissue: Bone Cells: osteocytes in lacunae Matrix: hard, calcified with collagen Function: support and attachment

Blood & Lymph Fluid • WHY is this liquid tissue considered a connective tissue? • What is its function?

Muscle Tissue n 3 Types of Muscle Tissue ¨Skeletal ¨Smooth ¨Cardiac n Function of each?

Nerve Tissue n Function?

Exercise 7: Integumentary System

Integumentary System n Skin ¨Epidermis n Epithelial Tissue (Stratified squamous) ¨Dermis n Connective n Hypodermis n Connective Tissue (superficial fascia) Tissue

Hair shaft Pore Dermal papillae (papillary layer of dermis) Epidermis Meissner's corpuscle Free nerve ending Reticular layer of dermis Sebaceous (oil) gland Arrector pili muscle Dermis Sensory nerve fiber Eccrine sweat gland Pacinian corpuscle Artery Hypodermis (superficial fascia) Hair root Hair follicle Eccrine sweat gland Vein Adipose tissue Hair follicle receptor (root hair plexus) Figure 5. 1

Epidermis Which layer is missing? 4 Cell Types: Keratinocytes Langerhans cells Melanocytes Merkel cells

The Structure of the Epidermis Figure 5. 4

Skin (Integument) Figure 5. 1

Structure of the Dermis Meissner’s corpuscles Pacinian corpuscles

Accessory Organs of the Skin n Hair n Nails n Sebaceous Glands n Sudoriferous (Sweat) Glands

Anatomy of a Single Hair

Sebaceous Glands and Follicles • Produce sebum (oil) • Ducts empty into hair follicle Figure 5. 11

Sweat (Sudoriferous) Glands Apocrine: found in axillary & anogenital areas Figure 5. 12 a, b

Sweat (Sudoriferous) Glands Eccrine (Merocrine) – found in palms, soles of the feet, and forehead – water, salt and urea Figure 5. 12 a, b