Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscular tissue Nervous tissue
- Slides: 72
Epithelial tissue. Connective tissue. Muscular tissue. Nervous tissue. Skin
Learning Objectives • Identify the four major tissue types and describe their functions. • Describe the relationship between form and function for each tissue type. • Discuss the types and functions of epithelial tissues. • Compare the structure and function of connective tissues.
Learning Objectives • Explain the structure and function of the four types of membrane. • Describe three types of muscle tissue and the structural features of each. • Discuss the basic structure and role of neural tissue.
Tissues of the Body: An Introduction Tissues and tissue types • Tissues are: • Collections of specialized cells and cell products organized to perform a limited number of functions • Histology = study of tissues • The four tissue types are: • Epithelial • Connective • Muscular • Nervous
Tissues and tissue types Epithelial tissue • Includes glands and epithelium • Glands are secretory • Is avascular • Forms a protective barrier that regulates permeability • Cells may show polarity
Functions of epithelium • Physical protection • Control permeability • Provide sensation • Produce specialized secretions
Specializations of epithelium • Perform secretory functions • Perform transport functions • Maintain physical integrity • Ciliated epithelia move materials across their surface
The Polarity of Epithelial Cells
Maintaining the integrity of epithelium • Cells attach via cell adhesion molecules (CAM) • Cells attach at specialized cell junctions • Tight junctions • Desmosomes • Gap junctions
Intercellular connections Animation: check tutorials
Structure of typical epithelium • Basal lamina attaches to underlying surface • Lamina lucida • Lamina densa • Germinative cells replace short-lived epithelial cells
Classification of epithelia • Number of cell layers • Simple • Stratified • Shape of apical surface cells • Squamous • Cuboidal • Columnar
Squamous Epithelia
Cuboidal Epithelia
Cuboidal Epithelia
Transitional Epithelium
Columnar Epithelia
Columnar Epithelia
Columnar Epithelia
Glandular epithelia • Exocrine glands • Secrete through ducts onto the surface of the gland • Endocrine glands • Release hormones into surrounding fluid
Glandular secretions can be: • Merocrine (product released through exocytosis) • Apocrine (involves the loss of both product and cytoplasm) • Holocrine (destroys the cell)
Mechanisms of Glandular Secretion Animation: Mechanisms of glandular secretion (check tutorial)
Glands • Unicellular • Individual secretory cells • Multicellular • Organs containing glandular epithelium • Classified according to structure
A Structural Classification of Exocrine Glands
Connective Tissues Connective tissue functions: • • • Establishing a structural framework Transporting fluids and dissolved materials Protecting delicate organs Supporting, surrounding and interconnecting tissues Storing energy reserves Defending the body from microorganisms
A Classification of Connective Tissues
Connective tissues contain • Specialized cells • Matrix • Composed of extracellular protein fibers and a ground substance
Connective tissue proper • Contains varied cell populations • Contains various fiber types • A syrupy ground substance
Fluid connective tissue • Contains a distinctive cell population • Watery ground substance with dissolved proteins • Two types • Blood • Lymph
Supporting connective tissues • Less diverse cell population • Dense ground substance • Closely packed fibers • Two types • Cartilage • Bone
Connective tissue proper • Contains fibers, a viscous ground substance, and a varied cell population • Fibroblasts • Macrophage • Adipocytes • Mesenchymal cells • Melanocytes • Mast cells • Lymphocytes • Microphages
Connective tissue proper • Three types of fiber • Collagen fibers • Reticular fibers • Elastic fibers
Connective tissue proper • Classified as loose or dense • Loose • Embryonic mesenchyme, mucous connective tissues • Areolar tissue • Adipose tissue • Reticular tissue • Dense regular CT • Dense irregular CT
The Cells and Fibers of Connective Tissue Proper
Connective Tissue in Embryos
Adipose and Reticular Tissues
Dense Connective Tissues
Dense Connective Tissues
Dense Connective Tissues
Fluid connective tissues • Distinctive collections of cells in a fluid matrix • Blood • Formed elements and plasma • Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets • Arteries carry blood away, veins carry to the heart • Capillaries allow diffusion into the interstitial fluid • Lymph • Interstitial fluid entering the lymphatic vessels
Formed Elements of the Blood
Supporting connective tissues • Cartilage and bone support the rest of the body • Cartilage • Grows via interstitial and appositional growth • Matrix is a firm gel containing chondroitin sulfate • Cells called chondrocytes • Cells found in lacunae • Perichondrium separates cartilage from surrounding tissues • Three types: hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage
The Perichondrium and Types of Cartilage
The Perichondrium and Types of Cartilage
The Perichondrium and Types of Cartilage
Bone, or osseus tissue • Has osteocytes • Depend on diffusion through canaliculi for nutrients • Little ground substance • Dense mineralized matrix • Surrounded by periosteum
Bone
Membranes are simple organs • Form a barrier • Composed of epithelium and connective tissue • Four types • Cutaneous • Synovial • Serous • Mucous
Membranes
Mucous membranes • Line cavities that communicate with the exterior • Contain lamina propria
Serous membranes • Line sealed internal cavities • Form transudate
Membranes continue • Cutaneous membrane • Covers the body surface • Synovial membrane • Incomplete lining within joint cavities
The Connective Tissue Framework of the Body Organs and systems are interconnected • Network of connective tissue proper consisting of • Superficial fascia • Deep fascia • Subserous fascia
The Fasciae
Muscle tissue • Specialized for contraction • Three types • Skeletal • Cardiac • Smooth
Muscle Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Skeletal muscle • Cells are multinucleate • Striated voluntary muscle • Divides via satellite cells
Cardiac muscle • Cardiocytes occur only in the heart • Striated involuntary muscle • Relies on pacemaker cells for regular contraction
Smooth muscle tissue • Non-striated involuntary muscle • Can divide and regenerate
Neural tissue • Conducts electrical impulses • Conveys information from one area to another
Neural tissue cells • Neurons • Transmit information • Neuroglia • Support neural tissue • Help supply nutrients to neurons
Neural Tissue
Neural anatomy • Cell body • Dendrites • Axon (nerve fiber) • Carries information to other neurons
Tissue Injuries and Aging Inflammation and regeneration • Injured tissues respond in coordinated fashion • Homeostasis restored by inflammation and regeneration
Tissue Injuries and Aging Inflammatory response • Isolates injured area • Damaged cells, tissue components and dangerous microorganisms removed • Infection avoided • Regeneration restores normal function
An Introduction to Inflammation
Aging and tissue repair • Change with age • Repair and maintenance less efficient • Structure altered • Chemical composition altered
Aging and cancer incidence • Incidence of cancer increases with age • 70 -80% of all cases due to exposure to chemicals or environmental factors
Changes in a Tissue under Stress
You should now be familiar with: • The four major tissue types and their functions. • The relationship between form and function for each tissue type. • The types and functions of epithelial tissues. • The structure and function of connective tissues. • The structure and function of the four types of membrane. • The three types of muscle tissue and the structural features of each. • The basic structure and role of neural tissue.
- Neuron process
- Nervous
- Processes of neuron
- Chapter 14 skeletal muscular and nervous systems
- Differentiate muscular strength from muscular endurance
- Avascular in epithelial tissue
- Exoepithelial
- Glandular epithelial tissue
- Epithelial tissue pogil
- Layers of epithelial tissue
- Lacunae are structures found in
- Part of an animal
- Muscle tissue where is it found
- Stratified squamous location and function
- Function of epithelial tissue
- White glistening bands attaching skeletal muscles
- Epithelial tissue
- Kidney epithelial tissue
- Epithelial tissue
- Layers of epithelial tissue
- Stratified columnar
- Basic histology pogil
- Epithelial tissue
- Protein fibers in connective tissue
- Voluntary muscles
- Passageway
- Glandulas
- Simple cuboidal epithelium tissue function
- Basal and apical surface
- Kidney epithelial tissue
- Closely packed cells
- Table tissue design
- Epithelial tissue
- Characteristics of epithelial tissue
- Areolar connective tissue
- Connective tissue
- Embryonic connective tissue
- Fibroelastic connective tissue
- Connective tissue disease adalah
- Function of animal tissue
- Reticular connective tissue
- Loose connective tissue
- Simple squamous epithelium
- Bone tissue function and location
- Intercellular connections
- Fibrocartilage description
- Fibrocartilage connective tissue
- A connective tissue encloses a lymph node
- Dense connective tissue definition
- Poem about tissues
- Connective tissue membrane
- Specialized connective tissue blood
- Connective tissue components
- Classification of body membranes
- Spinal cord
- Hyaline cartilage functions
- Dense connective tissue
- This is a connective tissue with a "cobwebby" appearance.
- Areolar connective tissue
- Bone cells
- Connective tissue
- Connective tissue histology quiz
- What type of connective tissue are tendons and ligaments
- Tissue types in the body
- Four basic tissues
- Identify the cell
- Dense regular connective tissue tendon
- Specialised connective tissues
- Yellow fibrous connective tissue
- Cartilage
- Dense irregular connective tissue description
- Animal tissue
- Simple cuboidal epithelium function