THE SKELETAL JOINTS JOINTS Joints are where two

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THE SKELETAL JOINTS

THE SKELETAL JOINTS

JOINTS • Joints are where two or more bones articulate (move). • Joints are

JOINTS • Joints are where two or more bones articulate (move). • Joints are classified according to how much movement they allow. 1. Suture – these are fixed or immovable joints such as the cranium, sacrum and the coccyx. 2. Cartilaginous – these are slightly movable joints such as the vertebrae. 3. Synovial – these are freely movable joints such as the shoulder and hip.

Fibrous Joints • Bones are united by dense connective tissue consisting of collagen fibers

Fibrous Joints • Bones are united by dense connective tissue consisting of collagen fibers which run between bones. • There is no joint cavity. • ONLY found in the skull.

Cartilaginous Joints • Joints where the articular surfaces of the bones forming the joints

Cartilaginous Joints • Joints where the articular surfaces of the bones forming the joints are attached to each other by cartilage and ligaments. • Allows only a limited degree of movement. • Examples: – cartilage between vertebrae, – between the pubic bones

Synovial joints There are 6 types of synovial joint. 1. Ball & socket –

Synovial joints There are 6 types of synovial joint. 1. Ball & socket – hip and shoulder. 2. Hinge – knee, elbow and ankle. 3. Pivot – radius/ulna, atlas/axis (neck). 4. Saddle – thumb. 5. Condyloid – wrist. 6. Gliding – between vertebrae in spine.

Ball & Socket joints • The hip joint • The head of the femur

Ball & Socket joints • The hip joint • The head of the femur fits into a deep fossa called the acetabulum on the pelvic bone. • This deep cavity gives the hip joint stability. • The presence of strong ligaments add to the stability making it difficult to dislocate the hip.

Ball & Socket joints continued… • The shoulder joint • The head of the

Ball & Socket joints continued… • The shoulder joint • The head of the humerus fits into a shallow cavity on the scapula called the glenoid fossa. • The shoulder is the most mobile joint in the body but is also fairly unstable because of the shallow cavity. • Stability is improved by ligaments and muscles.

Hinge Joints • The knee joint • In the knee joint the femur articulates

Hinge Joints • The knee joint • In the knee joint the femur articulates with the tibia. • The patella (knee cap) helps to give a better angle of pull. • The fibula is not part of the knee joint and so the tibia is the weight bearing bone.

• The ankle joint • In the ankle, the talus articulates with the

• The ankle joint • In the ankle, the talus articulates with the tibia and fibula. • Ligaments provide stability to the joint. • The elbow joint • In the elbow the humerus articulates with the radius and the ulna. • Movement can only occur in one plane. Hinge Joints Continued…

The Pivot Joint • The radius/ulna • In this joint the radius and ulna

The Pivot Joint • The radius/ulna • In this joint the radius and ulna articulate within the elbow joint. • This joint allows the elbow some twisting movement. • Atlas/axis • In this joint the atlas and axis bones articulate to allow a rotation movement as in shaking your head.

Condyloid • The wrist • Bones are oval in shape with one concave and

Condyloid • The wrist • Bones are oval in shape with one concave and the other convex. • Move from side to side and back and forth, but NO rotation. • In this joint the radius and ulna bones articulate with 3 of the carpal bones.

Plane Joint (Gliding joint) • Spine, carpals and tarsals • Bone surfaces are flat

Plane Joint (Gliding joint) • Spine, carpals and tarsals • Bone surfaces are flat and only short, gliding movements are allowed.

Saddle Joint • This type of joint occurs when the touching surfaces of two

Saddle Joint • This type of joint occurs when the touching surfaces of two bones have both concave and convex regions with the shapes of the two bones complementing one other and allowing a wide range of movement. • The only saddle joint in the body is the thumb.

Synovial Joint Anatomy • • Ligaments – connect bone to bone Tendons – connect

Synovial Joint Anatomy • • Ligaments – connect bone to bone Tendons – connect muscle to bone Cartilage – cushion between bones Synovial Fluid – lubrication/oil to reduce friction between bones • Joint Cavity – space full of synovial fluid

Knee Joint Articular/Hyaline Cartilage Tendon

Knee Joint Articular/Hyaline Cartilage Tendon

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