The Islamic Gunpowder Empires 1500 1800 Global Interdependence
![The Islamic Gunpowder Empires 1500 -1800 Global Interdependence and Exchange The Islamic Gunpowder Empires 1500 -1800 Global Interdependence and Exchange](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-1.jpg)
The Islamic Gunpowder Empires 1500 -1800 Global Interdependence and Exchange
![Trio of Empires n n n Ottoman Empire (1289 -1918) Safavid Empire (15011722) Mughal Trio of Empires n n n Ottoman Empire (1289 -1918) Safavid Empire (15011722) Mughal](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-2.jpg)
Trio of Empires n n n Ottoman Empire (1289 -1918) Safavid Empire (15011722) Mughal Empire (1523 -1739)
![Islam n n Central to nation-state expansion Religion, culture & civilization Quran – Holy Islam n n Central to nation-state expansion Religion, culture & civilization Quran – Holy](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-3.jpg)
Islam n n Central to nation-state expansion Religion, culture & civilization Quran – Holy book. Revelations given to Mohammed. Sharia – Totality of political, religious, social and private life.
![5 Pillars of Islam n n n Declaration of Islam Prayer Fasting – Ramadan 5 Pillars of Islam n n n Declaration of Islam Prayer Fasting – Ramadan](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-4.jpg)
5 Pillars of Islam n n n Declaration of Islam Prayer Fasting – Ramadan Almsgiving – Zakat Pilgrimage - Hajj
![Islam is not monolithic n n n Sunni – Approximately 90% of Muslims. Shi’a Islam is not monolithic n n n Sunni – Approximately 90% of Muslims. Shi’a](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-5.jpg)
Islam is not monolithic n n n Sunni – Approximately 90% of Muslims. Shi’a – Re-established with the emergence of the Safavid dynasty. Sufi – Mystic tradition.
![Ottoman Empire 1298 -1918 n n First of the three Reached its peak in Ottoman Empire 1298 -1918 n n First of the three Reached its peak in](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-6.jpg)
Ottoman Empire 1298 -1918 n n First of the three Reached its peak in 1600 Survived through WWI Present day Turkey
![Ottoman – Beginnings n n n Grew from remnants of Turkic peoples after fall Ottoman – Beginnings n n n Grew from remnants of Turkic peoples after fall](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-7.jpg)
Ottoman – Beginnings n n n Grew from remnants of Turkic peoples after fall of Mongol Rule Ghazi Warriors Osman Bey
![Empire Building 1300 -1400 n n Janissaries (yeni cheri) Greece, Albania, Bulgaria and former Empire Building 1300 -1400 n n Janissaries (yeni cheri) Greece, Albania, Bulgaria and former](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-8.jpg)
Empire Building 1300 -1400 n n Janissaries (yeni cheri) Greece, Albania, Bulgaria and former Yugoslavia Official recognition of Orthodox Christian Church Invasion of Timur destroyed most of empire
![Mehmed the Conqueror 1451 -81 n n n Taking of Constantinople “Sovereign of the Mehmed the Conqueror 1451 -81 n n n Taking of Constantinople “Sovereign of the](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-9.jpg)
Mehmed the Conqueror 1451 -81 n n n Taking of Constantinople “Sovereign of the Two Lands and the Two Seas” – Established Ottoman Empire in Europe and Asia Artillery & naval power
![Military Campaigns 1480 -1520 n n n Shift focus from Christian Europe to Islamic Military Campaigns 1480 -1520 n n n Shift focus from Christian Europe to Islamic](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-10.jpg)
Military Campaigns 1480 -1520 n n n Shift focus from Christian Europe to Islamic Empires in Egypt and Persia Fierce campaign against the Safavids Mecca and Medina
![Suleyman I 1520 -66 n n Suleyman the Magnificent Height of the Ottoman Empire Suleyman I 1520 -66 n n Suleyman the Magnificent Height of the Ottoman Empire](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-11.jpg)
Suleyman I 1520 -66 n n Suleyman the Magnificent Height of the Ottoman Empire Further move into Europe Renewed hostilities with Safavids
![Franco-Ottoman Alliance 1536 n n n Holy Roman Empire vs France Ottomans sided with Franco-Ottoman Alliance 1536 n n n Holy Roman Empire vs France Ottomans sided with](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-12.jpg)
Franco-Ottoman Alliance 1536 n n n Holy Roman Empire vs France Ottomans sided with France Cornerstone of European diplomacy Countered other European alliances Suleyman able to focus on conquest of other Islamic Empires
![Relations with Safavids n n Renewed hostilities Took Baghdad and Tabriz, the capital By Relations with Safavids n n Renewed hostilities Took Baghdad and Tabriz, the capital By](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-13.jpg)
Relations with Safavids n n Renewed hostilities Took Baghdad and Tabriz, the capital By 1538 controlled Persian Gulf and Red Sea Treaty of 1555 returned Tabriz to Safavids
![Death and Decline n n Loss to Europeans at Malta - 1565 Suleyman died Death and Decline n n Loss to Europeans at Malta - 1565 Suleyman died](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-14.jpg)
Death and Decline n n Loss to Europeans at Malta - 1565 Suleyman died in 1566 By 1600 lost much of its power Survived until the end of WWI
![Safavid Empire 1501 -1722 n n Origins as a religious sect Officially a Shi’ite Safavid Empire 1501 -1722 n n Origins as a religious sect Officially a Shi’ite](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-15.jpg)
Safavid Empire 1501 -1722 n n Origins as a religious sect Officially a Shi’ite empire Short lived Present day Iran
![Shah Ismail 1501 -26 n n Twelver Shi’ism official religion Violent conversion Qizilbash Claimed Shah Ismail 1501 -26 n n Twelver Shi’ism official religion Violent conversion Qizilbash Claimed](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-16.jpg)
Shah Ismail 1501 -26 n n Twelver Shi’ism official religion Violent conversion Qizilbash Claimed Ottoman land
![Instability 1524 -87 n n n Death of Ismail – 1524 Power struggle among Instability 1524 -87 n n n Death of Ismail – 1524 Power struggle among](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-17.jpg)
Instability 1524 -87 n n n Death of Ismail – 1524 Power struggle among Qizilbash Move to more secular administration Attempt to return to Sunni origins Number of rulers unable to stabilize empire
![Abbas the Great 1587 -1629 n n Rejuvenated empire Quelled internal revolts Faced Ottomans Abbas the Great 1587 -1629 n n Rejuvenated empire Quelled internal revolts Faced Ottomans](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-18.jpg)
Abbas the Great 1587 -1629 n n Rejuvenated empire Quelled internal revolts Faced Ottomans Enhanced trade with Europeans
![Domestic Affairs n n n Permanent paid army to counter Qizilbash infighting Centralization of Domestic Affairs n n n Permanent paid army to counter Qizilbash infighting Centralization of](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-19.jpg)
Domestic Affairs n n n Permanent paid army to counter Qizilbash infighting Centralization of power Relocation of capital to Isfahan
![Conflict with the Ottomans n n Peace Treaty of 1590 Retook Tabriz in 1605 Conflict with the Ottomans n n Peace Treaty of 1590 Retook Tabriz in 1605](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-20.jpg)
Conflict with the Ottomans n n Peace Treaty of 1590 Retook Tabriz in 1605 Recaptured Baghdad 1623 By death in 1629 Safavid Empire restored to borders established by Ismail I
![Europeans n n Concluded new trade agreements to offset losses to Portuguese Traded Persian Europeans n n Concluded new trade agreements to offset losses to Portuguese Traded Persian](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-21.jpg)
Europeans n n Concluded new trade agreements to offset losses to Portuguese Traded Persian silks with English Became middleman for Indian goods Allied with British against Ottomans
![Decline n n Abbas I feared ascension to throne Ceased giving provincial governorships to Decline n n Abbas I feared ascension to throne Ceased giving provincial governorships to](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-22.jpg)
Decline n n Abbas I feared ascension to throne Ceased giving provincial governorships to Safavid princes No shah was prepared to hold empire together Fell to Afghan invaders
![Mughal Empire 1523 -1739 n n n Struggle to consolidate Succession of strong rulers Mughal Empire 1523 -1739 n n n Struggle to consolidate Succession of strong rulers](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-23.jpg)
Mughal Empire 1523 -1739 n n n Struggle to consolidate Succession of strong rulers Eventually absorbed by British Empire in India – mid 19 th century
![Founding of the empire n n n Previous examples of positive Muslim. Hindu relations Founding of the empire n n n Previous examples of positive Muslim. Hindu relations](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-24.jpg)
Founding of the empire n n n Previous examples of positive Muslim. Hindu relations Babur established capital at Kabul (present capital of Afghanistan) Consolidated territory of Hindustan (India) with use of artillery
![Humayun 1530 -56 n n Unstable administration Brothers challenged for the throne Race for Humayun 1530 -56 n n Unstable administration Brothers challenged for the throne Race for](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-25.jpg)
Humayun 1530 -56 n n Unstable administration Brothers challenged for the throne Race for territory with Sher Shah Held onto Mughal Empire
![Akbar 1556 -1605 n n n Consolidated and expanded empire Put down challenges to Akbar 1556 -1605 n n n Consolidated and expanded empire Put down challenges to](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-26.jpg)
Akbar 1556 -1605 n n n Consolidated and expanded empire Put down challenges to the throne Continued tradition of tolerance of Hindu traditions
![Conquest and Expansion n n Rajasthan Province of Bengal Hindustan Plain Province of Kashmir Conquest and Expansion n n Rajasthan Province of Bengal Hindustan Plain Province of Kashmir](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-27.jpg)
Conquest and Expansion n n Rajasthan Province of Bengal Hindustan Plain Province of Kashmir
![Religion & Administration n Tolerated Hindu religion Invited missionaries to teach tenets of Christianity Religion & Administration n Tolerated Hindu religion Invited missionaries to teach tenets of Christianity](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-28.jpg)
Religion & Administration n Tolerated Hindu religion Invited missionaries to teach tenets of Christianity Moved away from orthodox Islam
![Transition n Campaign for the southern tip of the Indian subcontinent Strained relations between Transition n Campaign for the southern tip of the Indian subcontinent Strained relations between](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-29.jpg)
Transition n Campaign for the southern tip of the Indian subcontinent Strained relations between Hindus and Muslims Social unrest
![Imperial Islamic Society n n n Military Nation-State Economics Islam & Art Imperial Islamic Society n n n Military Nation-State Economics Islam & Art](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-30.jpg)
Imperial Islamic Society n n n Military Nation-State Economics Islam & Art
![Military Nation-State n n n Empires legitimized rule with military conquest Armies were important Military Nation-State n n n Empires legitimized rule with military conquest Armies were important](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-31.jpg)
Military Nation-State n n n Empires legitimized rule with military conquest Armies were important part of leadership Use of gunpowder artillery turned tables of warfare
![Economics n n n Trade – extensive routes Agriculture and commerce Point of exchange Economics n n n Trade – extensive routes Agriculture and commerce Point of exchange](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-32.jpg)
Economics n n n Trade – extensive routes Agriculture and commerce Point of exchange
![Islam & Art n n n Architecture Poetry Painting Islam & Art n n n Architecture Poetry Painting](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-33.jpg)
Islam & Art n n n Architecture Poetry Painting
![Decline of Islamic Empires n n n Limits of military state Economic stagnation Cultural Decline of Islamic Empires n n n Limits of military state Economic stagnation Cultural](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-34.jpg)
Decline of Islamic Empires n n n Limits of military state Economic stagnation Cultural islands
![Limits of Military State n n n Inconsistent leadership Costly wars of conquest Internal Limits of Military State n n n Inconsistent leadership Costly wars of conquest Internal](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-35.jpg)
Limits of Military State n n n Inconsistent leadership Costly wars of conquest Internal dissention and competition
![Economic Stagnation n Weak middle-class Trade routes began to move onto the sea routes Economic Stagnation n Weak middle-class Trade routes began to move onto the sea routes](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-36.jpg)
Economic Stagnation n Weak middle-class Trade routes began to move onto the sea routes Loss of revenue with loss of territory
![Cultural Isolation n European interest was not reciprocated Resistance to outside cultural influences Faith Cultural Isolation n European interest was not reciprocated Resistance to outside cultural influences Faith](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-37.jpg)
Cultural Isolation n European interest was not reciprocated Resistance to outside cultural influences Faith and tradition vs. technology
![Conclusion n n Empires represented growing interdependence Exchange of people, ideas and technology Use Conclusion n n Empires represented growing interdependence Exchange of people, ideas and technology Use](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/bf7698d4bd639d01c05f77b8ef9639c0/image-38.jpg)
Conclusion n n Empires represented growing interdependence Exchange of people, ideas and technology Use of artillery changed warfare Legacy of art, religion and nation
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