The Building of Global Empires Chapter 33 Foundations
![The Building of Global Empires Chapter 33 The Building of Global Empires Chapter 33](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-1.jpg)
The Building of Global Empires Chapter 33
![Foundations of Empire • By the mid 1800 s Europeans began to speak of Foundations of Empire • By the mid 1800 s Europeans began to speak of](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-2.jpg)
Foundations of Empire • By the mid 1800 s Europeans began to speak of Imperialism – Domination of European powers over subject lands in the larger world • This domination came in different ways: – Military force – Trade, Investment, Business activities • With Imperialism came colonialism – Not just sending colonists, but take over of political, social, economic, and cultural structures
![Crucial for Survival!! • During the second half of the 19 th century, Europeans Crucial for Survival!! • During the second half of the 19 th century, Europeans](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-3.jpg)
Crucial for Survival!! • During the second half of the 19 th century, Europeans felt that imperial expansion was crucial to the survival of their states. • Influences came from entrepreneurs that had already made their mark exploiting areas in Asia and Africa to make their fortunes. – Cecil Rhodes
![Cecil Rhodes • Rhodes was an influential figure in the development of South Africa. Cecil Rhodes • Rhodes was an influential figure in the development of South Africa.](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-4.jpg)
Cecil Rhodes • Rhodes was an influential figure in the development of South Africa. • He became very wealthy by indulging in the huge diamond deposits • By age 37, he was a diamond and gold mogul to go along with being the Prime Minister of the Cape Colony
![Economic Motives • Europeans felt that overseas colonies could serve as a reliable source Economic Motives • Europeans felt that overseas colonies could serve as a reliable source](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-5.jpg)
Economic Motives • Europeans felt that overseas colonies could serve as a reliable source of raw materials. – – Copper Rubber Tin Petroleum (later) • Market for manufactured goods?
![Political Motives • If colonies were not economically beneficial, imperialists still felt that they Political Motives • If colonies were not economically beneficial, imperialists still felt that they](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-6.jpg)
Political Motives • If colonies were not economically beneficial, imperialists still felt that they were important for political and military reasons. – Located on strategic sites – Harbors for commercial and naval ships Cape Town, South Africa
![Political Motives (cont’d) • European politicians felt that their imperialist ventures would inspire patriotism. Political Motives (cont’d) • European politicians felt that their imperialist ventures would inspire patriotism.](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-7.jpg)
Political Motives (cont’d) • European politicians felt that their imperialist ventures would inspire patriotism. – Exhibitions were held to show off the subject group’s dress, music, and customs New South Wales exhibit at the Chicago Exposition. 1893
![Religious Justification • Missionaries flocked to the new colonies to convert the natives to Religious Justification • Missionaries flocked to the new colonies to convert the natives to](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-8.jpg)
Religious Justification • Missionaries flocked to the new colonies to convert the natives to Christianity – Not all missionaries agreed with imperialism, but their campaigns provided the leverage to continue on with it. – Similar to past empires, religious officials often served as the communication between the natives and the European officials.
![The White Man’s Burden The Christian duty of the white man is to civilize The White Man’s Burden The Christian duty of the white man is to civilize](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-9.jpg)
The White Man’s Burden The Christian duty of the white man is to civilize the heathen masses…
![The White Man’s Burden Rudyard Kipling “Take up the White Man's burden-Send forth the The White Man’s Burden Rudyard Kipling “Take up the White Man's burden-Send forth the](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-10.jpg)
The White Man’s Burden Rudyard Kipling “Take up the White Man's burden-Send forth the best ye breed-Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild-Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child
![](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-11.jpg)
![Technological Advantages • At the time of Imperialism, many European Countries had gone through Technological Advantages • At the time of Imperialism, many European Countries had gone through](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-12.jpg)
Technological Advantages • At the time of Imperialism, many European Countries had gone through Industrialization which made their efforts much easier. – Advanced Weapons – Transportation – New Communication tools
![Steamships and Railroads • Steamships drastically cut down on transportation time to the new Steamships and Railroads • Steamships drastically cut down on transportation time to the new](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-13.jpg)
Steamships and Railroads • Steamships drastically cut down on transportation time to the new colonies • Building of Canals allowed ships to be open to the World’s oceans – Suez Canal – Panama Canal • Once land was controlled, railroads helped with the organization of the colony. – Allowed for quicker transportation of the army and raw materials
![British Empire British Empire](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-14.jpg)
British Empire
![The Sun Never Sets The Sun Never Sets](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-15.jpg)
The Sun Never Sets
![British Empire in Asia • Control in S. Asia and SE Asia grew out British Empire in Asia • Control in S. Asia and SE Asia grew out](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-16.jpg)
British Empire in Asia • Control in S. Asia and SE Asia grew out of the mercantile activities of the East India Company. – Had a monopoly on trade with India • Traded for Indian pepper and cotton – In SE Asia, EIC traded for silk, porcelain and spices • EIC took advantage of Mughal territory after the death of Aurangzeb and strengthened and expanded its trading posts – Enforced control with small British army and a large number of Indian troops called Sepoys. • Sepoy Mutiny ended with the British declaring direct Imperial rule in India
![British India • The new British colony would be ruled by a viceroy • British India • The new British colony would be ruled by a viceroy •](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-17.jpg)
British India • The new British colony would be ruled by a viceroy • Did not promote Christianity but did establish English-style schools. • Built extensive railroads, and telegraph networks. • Constructed canals, harbors, and irrigation systems to support commerce and agriculture
![Central Asia • The French and Russians began to seek ways to break up Central Asia • The French and Russians began to seek ways to break up](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-18.jpg)
Central Asia • The French and Russians began to seek ways to break up the British stronghold in India – French failed – Russia helped start the power struggle in C. Asia • Weakening of the Qing and Ottoman Empires allowed Russia to enter the region – Began to explore unknown regions of N. India, started the “Great Game” with the British
![Southeast Asia • The Philippines came under Spanish control in the 16 th century Southeast Asia • The Philippines came under Spanish control in the 16 th century](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-19.jpg)
Southeast Asia • The Philippines came under Spanish control in the 16 th century • The Dutch created their own colonies mainly during the 17 th century. – The Dutch East Indies (present day Indonesia), controlled trade in the region
![Southeast Asia • During the 19 th century, the British established a presence in Southeast Asia • During the 19 th century, the British established a presence in](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-20.jpg)
Southeast Asia • During the 19 th century, the British established a presence in SE Asia. – 1880 s-Burma • Source of teak, ivory, rubies, and jade – 1870 s and 1880 s- Malaysia • French Imperialists built large SE Asia colonies in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos (18591893)
![Who were Dr. David Livingstone and Henry Morton Stanley? Why were they important to Who were Dr. David Livingstone and Henry Morton Stanley? Why were they important to](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-21.jpg)
Who were Dr. David Livingstone and Henry Morton Stanley? Why were they important to the colonization of Africa?
![Livingstone and Stanley • Dr. David Livingstone • Henry Morton Stanley – Scottish minister Livingstone and Stanley • Dr. David Livingstone • Henry Morton Stanley – Scottish minister](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-22.jpg)
Livingstone and Stanley • Dr. David Livingstone • Henry Morton Stanley – Scottish minister – American Adventurer – Traveled through – Led expedition to find much of C. and S. Livingstone and report Africa on his activities – Searching for – Asked by King Leopold suitable locations to help develop for missions commercial ventures and develop a new colony
![Livingstone and Stanley Livingstone’s Journey Livingstone and Stanley Livingstone’s Journey](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-23.jpg)
Livingstone and Stanley Livingstone’s Journey
![Africa • The most striking outburst of imperialism took place in Africa – Up Africa • The most striking outburst of imperialism took place in Africa – Up](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-24.jpg)
Africa • The most striking outburst of imperialism took place in Africa – Up until 1875, Europeans had a limited presence • Portuguese colonies of Angola and Mozambique • French colony of Northern Algeria • Between 1875 -1900 Europeans began to colonize the whole continent – The exploitation of the people and resources began to be known as the “Scramble for Africa”
![Africa before the Scramble Africa before the Scramble](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-25.jpg)
Africa before the Scramble
![Africa in 1914 Africa in 1914](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-26.jpg)
Africa in 1914
![What were the only two countries in Africa that were not colonized? ? ? What were the only two countries in Africa that were not colonized? ? ?](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-27.jpg)
What were the only two countries in Africa that were not colonized? ? ?
![• The Nile, Niger, Congo, and Zambezi Rivers allowed Europeans access to inland • The Nile, Niger, Congo, and Zambezi Rivers allowed Europeans access to inland](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-28.jpg)
• The Nile, Niger, Congo, and Zambezi Rivers allowed Europeans access to inland regions – King Leopold II of Belgium employed Henry Stanley to establish a colony called the Congo Free State • Congo region would be a free trade zone for all Europeans • Working conditions were very brutal, humanitarians protested the colonial regime • 4 -8 million Africans died – 1908, the Belgian government took over the colony
![British Presence in Africa • The British quickly established themselves in Egypt – 1882, British Presence in Africa • The British quickly established themselves in Egypt – 1882,](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-29.jpg)
British Presence in Africa • The British quickly established themselves in Egypt – 1882, British army occupied Egypt to protect their own financial interests • Suez Canal being the most important
![South Africa • The Dutch East India Company established Cape Town in 1652 – South Africa • The Dutch East India Company established Cape Town in 1652 –](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-30.jpg)
South Africa • The Dutch East India Company established Cape Town in 1652 – Supply station for trips to Asia – EIC employees and new European settlers began to move inland to farm and ranch • Known as Boers (Dutch for Farmers), and later as Afrikaners (Dutch for African) • More and more settlers came and kept pushing further inland which led to conflict with the Khoikhoi and Xhosa.
![South Africa • The British took over the Cape during the Napoleonic Wars. (1806) South Africa • The British took over the Cape during the Napoleonic Wars. (1806)](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-31.jpg)
South Africa • The British took over the Cape during the Napoleonic Wars. (1806) • British abolished slavery, hurting the Afrikaners’ primary source of labor • Great Trek-Afrikaners moved east and had conflicts with indigenous people
![South Africa • The British allowed the Afrikaner population to control their state, but South Africa • The British allowed the Afrikaner population to control their state, but](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-32.jpg)
South Africa • The British allowed the Afrikaner population to control their state, but with the discovery of gold and diamonds, that all changed – South African War/Boer War started – Whites against whites, but also internment of 100, 000 black Africans • 10, 000 died – Afrikaner population defeated in 1902, the Union of South Africa was formed.
![Berlin Conference (1884 -1885) • Delegates from 14 European states, and the US came Berlin Conference (1884 -1885) • Delegates from 14 European states, and the US came](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-33.jpg)
Berlin Conference (1884 -1885) • Delegates from 14 European states, and the US came up with rules to colonize Africa – Not 1 African was present • Agreement was made that any European state could establish a colony after notifying the others of its intentions and occupying unclaimed land
![Concessionary Companies • Private large compaines were granted concessions of territory and were able Concessionary Companies • Private large compaines were granted concessions of territory and were able](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-34.jpg)
Concessionary Companies • Private large compaines were granted concessions of territory and were able to undertake economic activity. – Also allowed to implement labor recruitment and taxes – Brutal use of forced labor proved to be the down fall of Concessionary Companies Systems of Colonial Rule
![Switch to Direct Rule • Colonies now were under direct control of European personnel. Switch to Direct Rule • Colonies now were under direct control of European personnel.](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-35.jpg)
Switch to Direct Rule • Colonies now were under direct control of European personnel. – Tax collection, labor and military recruitment, law and order • Aimed at removing strong kings and replacing with more malleable personnel Systems of Colonial Rule
![Indirect Rule • the traditional local power structure, or at least part of it, Indirect Rule • the traditional local power structure, or at least part of it,](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-36.jpg)
Indirect Rule • the traditional local power structure, or at least part of it, is incorporated into the colonial administrative structure • Control over subject people is exercised through indigenous institutions and personnel Systems of Colonial Rule
![Imperialism in the Pacific • Took two main forms: – Australia and New Zealand Imperialism in the Pacific • Took two main forms: – Australia and New Zealand](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-37.jpg)
Imperialism in the Pacific • Took two main forms: – Australia and New Zealand were made into settler colonies and political institutions – Bases of operations for commercial opportunities
![The United States Imperialist Movement • Monroe Doctrine (1823) – Proclamation that was a The United States Imperialist Movement • Monroe Doctrine (1823) – Proclamation that was a](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-38.jpg)
The United States Imperialist Movement • Monroe Doctrine (1823) – Proclamation that was a warning to European states against Imperialist aspirations in the Western Hemisphere – US would be a protectorate in the region – Was later the justification for Imperialism
![New American Territories • 1867 – Acquired Alaska from the Russians • 1875 – New American Territories • 1867 – Acquired Alaska from the Russians • 1875 –](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-39.jpg)
New American Territories • 1867 – Acquired Alaska from the Russians • 1875 – Claimed a protectorate over the Hawaiian Islands
![Spanish-Cuban-American War • 1898, the US battle ship Maine exploded in Havana harbor – Spanish-Cuban-American War • 1898, the US battle ship Maine exploded in Havana harbor –](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-40.jpg)
Spanish-Cuban-American War • 1898, the US battle ship Maine exploded in Havana harbor – US declared war on Spain • Easy defeat of the Spanish and the US received Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines.
![Panama Canal • US sought to build a canal across a narrow stretch in Panama Canal • US sought to build a canal across a narrow stretch in](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-41.jpg)
Panama Canal • US sought to build a canal across a narrow stretch in Central America – Panama was chosen as the best site – Colombia was unwilling to cede the land • US helped Panamanian rebels breakaway from Colombia • Allowed the US to build the Canal
![Imperial Japan • Resented unequal treaties • Modeled navy after the British • Sino-Japanese Imperial Japan • Resented unequal treaties • Modeled navy after the British • Sino-Japanese](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-42.jpg)
Imperial Japan • Resented unequal treaties • Modeled navy after the British • Sino-Japanese War: Fought with Qing dynasty over Korea, trading rights in China, influence in Korea • Russo-Japanese War: Fought with Russia over Manchuria, land Japan was now a world power!
![Labor Migrations • Between 1800 and 1914, 50 million European migrants left their homes Labor Migrations • Between 1800 and 1914, 50 million European migrants left their homes](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-43.jpg)
Labor Migrations • Between 1800 and 1914, 50 million European migrants left their homes to go overseas – 32 million went to the US – In search of cheap land to cultivate
![](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-44.jpg)
![Settler Colonies • Europeans created colonies across the globe – – – North America Settler Colonies • Europeans created colonies across the globe – – – North America](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-45.jpg)
Settler Colonies • Europeans created colonies across the globe – – – North America Chile Argentina Australia New Zealand South Africa • These colonies were influenced by European officials, agents, and businesspeople – Controlled domestic and foreign politics, and integrated local economies to be the network for world wide capitalism
![The Scramble for Africa The Scramble for Africa](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/9d903f6c423efa3367393703f3270f67/image-46.jpg)
The Scramble for Africa
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