THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE 1300 1900 Click here for

THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE 1300 -1900 Click here for hook video

BYZANTIUM RENAMED �Byzantium Greek city-state renamed Constantinople, 330 A. D. – location amazing for trade! �Became capital city of Byzantine Empire �Trade HUGE continued, cultural diffusion

CRUSADERS & TURKS FIGHT �Crusades fought in Byzantine & invasions by Turks & Mongols common by 13 th Century �Turkish people loyal to their tribes & clans, but not to a central government ◦ Wanted to take down Crusaders & break up Empire to take over

GHAZIS �Many Anatolian Turks saw themselves as GHAZIS – warriors for Islam (like Crusaders) �Followed strict code of conduct �Raided territories �Muslim (believed in Islam)

OSMAN & OTTOMANS �OSMAN Muslim �His most successful ghazi & a followers OTTOMANS �Builds unified empire by conquering & controlling lands in Anatolia (Turkey) �Uses gunpowder �Among 1 st to use cannons & muskets

OTTOMAN CANNON

OTTOMAN CANNON

ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF OSMAN �Takes over Byzantium area & establishes OTTOMAN EMPIRE, 1299 �Kind ruler to those he conquered Allowed local rulers to remain in place �Improved lives of peasants �Protected religious preferences �Taxed people fairly (even non-Muslims) �Rulers called SULTANS – “one with power”

RISE OF TIMUR THE LAME (TAMERLANE) �TIMUR THE LAME: warrior from Asia �Conquered Russia, Persia, northern India, & burned Baghdad to ground �Butchered people in New Delhi & made pyramid of skulls �Halted expansion of Ottoman Empire until

TIMUR THE LAME’S EMPIRE

TIMUR THE LAME VIDEO

MEHMET II �Timur’s son, MEHMET II new sultan � 1451 - builds fleet & massive army to attack Constantinople (wanted control of Bosporus Strait for trade & prosperity) � 1453 – captured Constantinople & renamed it ISTANBUL new capital of their empire �“Give me Constantinople!”

ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF MEHMET II �Mehmet now called MEHMET THE CONQUEROR �HAGIA SOPHIA (famous church) became a mosque �Islam �BUT religion became unifying force religious toleration encouraged & diverse population inhabited the city

HAGIA SOPHIA

CONQUERING CONSTANTINOPLE VIDEO

SELIM THE GRIM �Overthrew �Killed father & murdered brothers all nephews & own kids, but 1 son �Crazy guy, but effective! �Defeated Safavids of Persia & conquered Mecca, Medina, & Cairo (holy cities & intellectual cities) ◦ Happened at same time Cortez takes over Aztecs

SULEIMAN I � 1520 -1566 – Suleiman (“the lawgiver”) – built strong empire militarily, economically, & socially – GOLDEN AGE �Gained more land in eastern Mediterranean, northern African ports, trade routes inside Africa, & central Europe �Efficient government structure w/social organization (held for 600 years!)

SULEIMAN’S EMPIRE � 20, 000 personal slaves � 30, 000 JANISSARIES: force of people from conquered Christian territories �DEVSHIRME soldiers policy: training boys as

SULEIMAN’S ACHIEVEMENTS �Freedom �Binding of worship the Ottoman Empire together �Simplified taxation system �Reduced government interference (bureacracy) �“Renaissance �Art Man” & Literature flourished

SULEIMAN VIDEO

SELIM II �Suleiman killed best son & drove away another 3 rd incompetent son, SELIM II inherited throne �Ran corrupt government & it continued in family through generations �Defeated Italy militarily in 1571 by Spain &

WHAT HAPPENED TO THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE? �Became customary to kill off good sons & cut off rest from education produced long line of weak rulers & ruined empire �Empire crumbled slowly & finally dissolved with creation of Turkey after World War I