SOCIALIZATION The LIFELONG process of Learning how to

SOCIALIZATION

The LIFELONG process of Learning how to participate in group life Acquisition of: - Self-Identity - Physical, mental, and social skills needed for survival.

SOCIALIZATION IS… …ESSENTIAL to the survival and stability of society No more talk…Let’s make - We learn the. Cindy! cultural norms of the time Golly, Cansocialization I buy you through (changeout! over time) a. EXAMPLE: milkshake? Dating (1959 vs. 2009) …FUNDAMENTAL for individuals to develop properly

ISOLATION • Emotional and social growth are stunted • Examples – Harlow’s monkey study – Genie

Theoretical Perspectives Perspective View of Socialization Media Influence on Socialization Functionalism Contributes to a stable society Exposing society to shared beliefs, values and norms. Conflict Theory Way for the powerful to keep things the same Sets political agenda for a community Symbolic Interactionism Major determinate of human nature Uses words and pictures to expose us to culture

Self-Concept Self-concept: idea that you have an identity separate from other people

Self-Concept Looking-Glass Self: your image of yourself is based on what you believe others think of you 1. Imagine how we appear to others 2. Imagine the reaction of others to our appearance 3. Evaluate ourselves based on how we imagine others have judged us

Self-Concept Looking-Glass Self: your image of yourself is based on what you believe others think of you 1. Imagine how we appear to others 2. Image the reaction of others to our appearance 3. Evaluate ourselves based on how we imagine others have judged us

Role Taking During game stage, your self-concept begins to depend less on views of individuals and more on general ideas. Generalized Other: integrated conception of the norms, values and beliefs of one’s community. Imitation Play Game • Age 1 -2 • Imitate but do not know why • Age 3 -4 • Take on roles of others • Age 5+ • Anticipate other’s actions based on rules What is common to all role taking? Assume viewpoint of others to shape the self-concept

Who Are You? “ME” “I” Part of self formed through socialization Part of self that accounts for unlearned, spontaneous acts

AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION Family School Peer Groups Media

FAMILY • Most important agent of socialization! • Families give the earliest social & emotional development to children. • Where we acquire our social position in society – Racial, ethnic, religious subculture groupings.

SCHOOL • First relationship with people that is impersonal • Sanctions are based on performance not affection • Children become less dependent emotionally on parents

PEER GROUPS • People who are linked by common interests, equal social position and similar age • Peer groups function as an agent of socialization by giving us a sense of belonging & self-worth • Some degree of freedom from parents or authority (school agent)

Belonging to a Peer Group • Conforming to a group’s norms – Attitudes – Speech – Dress • If we conform we are rewarded • Not conform we are ridiculed • PEER PRESSURE – Evident very early on – groups in preschools!

MEDIA • Any source or organization that use print or electronic means to communicate. – Radio, TV, internet, newspapers, magazines, etc.

Functions of Media • Inform us about events • Introduce us to a wide variety of people • Provide an array of viewpoints on current issues • Make us aware of products and services • Entertain us by providing the experience of doing something we wouldn’t normally do

Critics of Media • Too much violence • Not enough exercise • Too much marketing for things kids do not need • Projection of negative images of minorities & women – i. e. promote women solely as sex symbols because of the types of clothes they wear, etc.

Violence on TV • Why is it not enough, when parents raise their kids “right, ” that kids still get involved with violence and crime? – Does mass media really have that much power over people? • Are kids that play a lot of video games and watch violence on TV more apt to commit or be involved with crime/violence? – Friends watch it/do it? – Not supervised by adults? – No one to teach them right from wrong?

Violence on TV Watch the cartoon clip and keep a tally of violent/inappropriate actions. Violence Adult Language Adult/Suggestive Themes Etc.

Violence on TV Read pages 136 -137. Answer questions 1 -3. It is a proven point that violence among youth has increased. Do you believe TV and media is responsible? Explain.

At different stages of life, you learn new skills & behaviors (Agents of Socialization) 3 Processes connected with socialization 1) Desocialization 2) Resocialization 3) Anticipatory Socialization

“Re-programming” must take place…but how? ________: Give up old norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors - The complete destruction of old self-concept

EXTREME CASES: _________: places in which people are separated from society and controlled by officials in charge - Ex) Mental hospitals, cults, prisons, etc. - Replace personal items with standard-issued items (no long hair, no hats, referred to as a number)

_______: process of adopting NEW norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors Usually occurs in a total institution where the resident gains a NEW self-concept Rewards and Punishments used to reshape behavior Examples) Extra food, Special privileges, or physical punishment

Less Extreme Cases We go through periods of “de” and “re”socialization throughout our entire lives! Child becoming teenagers Young adults starting careers Elderly people moving into retirement

__________: preparing, IN ADVANCE, for new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors These are VOLUNTARY changes…no need for total institutions! Moving from one stage of your life to another.

Anticipatory Socialization leads to… The formation of __________ - Groups we use to evaluate ourselves against - We hope to one day be part of these groups so we shape our norms, attitudes, values, and behaviors after them.

1) Is the following scenario Desocialization, Resocialization, or Anticipatory Socialization? First year students acquire a new identity during their Freshman year at a military academy

2) Is the following scenario Desocialization, Resocialization, or Anticipatory Socialization? Prison personnel deliberately attempt to destroy the self-concepts of inmates

3) Is the following scenario Desocialization, Resocialization, or Anticipatory Socialization? High school students identify with college students.

4) Which of the following is NOT an example of a reference group? A) Rock-star subculture B) United States Military Academy C) Terrorists D) Mass Media

In your team… 1) List the reference group(s) to which you belong 2) Explain how you must anticipate “resocialization” to prepare for entrance into that group 3) Name the event that you think Seniors will most easily win tonight at B&W NITE