Session 4 Hazards and PPE Hazards Pressure Chemicals

Session 4 Hazards and PPE

Hazards

Pressure

Chemicals

Enclosed Space

Slips, trips, falls and pinched fingers

Fire and Explosion

H 2 S l Hydrogen Sulfide or sour gas l flammable l colorless gas l toxic at extremely low concentrations l heavier than air, and may accumulate in low -lying areas l smells like "rotten eggs" at low concentrations and causes you to quickly lose your sense of smell.

Job Safety Analysis (JSA) l Select Job to be Analyzed l Basic Job Steps l Potential Hazards l Recommended Safe Job Procedures – Eliminate the hazard – Contain the hazard – Revise work procedures – Reduce the exposure

Subpart D Occupational Health & Environmental Controls (1926. 50 - 66) Lead - Exposure assessment First aid training Exposure to gases, vapors, fumes Lead - Interim respiratory protection Lead - Interim ppe Most Frequently Cited: FY 2003

Subpart D - Occupational Health & Environmental Controls (1926. 50 - 66) Lead - Exposure assessment First aid training Gases, vapors, fumes, dusts & mists – Employee exposure Gases, vapors, etc. – Administrative/Engineering controls Lead – Representative personal sampling Most Frequently Cited: FY 2004

1926. 50 Medical Services & First Aid l (a) Employer shall insure availability of medical personnel l (b) Provisions for prompt medical attention – Prior to beginning project – Notify local fire department & hospital l (c) First-aid certified person available l (d) Supplies available

Sanitation

Occupational Noise Control Typical DBA’s l l l 60 normal conversation 65 -95 power mower 85 heavy traffic 90 tractor 95 electric drill 110 power saw l l l 110 leaf blower 120 chain saw 120 pneumatic drill 125 jackhammer 140 jet plane taking off

1926. 55 Gases, Vapors, Fumes, Dusts & Mists l (a) Exposure of employees at concentrations above TLV’s shall be avoided (See Appendix A) – Inhalation – Ingestion – Skin absorption – Injection

l NOTE: 1926. 59 Hazard Communication – Requirements identical to 1910. 1200 – Employer shall evaluate hazards of chemicals. – Inform employees thru the use of labels, msds & training.

Hazard Controls l Engineering l Procedures l Administrative l PPE

Personal Protective Equipment Introduction Protective equipment = tools to do the job. l Nearly 2 million disabling work-related injuries expected this year. l More than ¼ will involve head, eyes, hands, feet l

PPE Statistics from BLS Hard hats were worn by only 16% of those workers who sustained head injuries l Only 1% of approx 770 workers suffering face injuries were wearing face protection l Only 23% of the workers with foot injuries wore safety shoes or boots l About 40% of the workers with eye injuries wore eye protection l

Personal Protective Equipment in Oil and Gas l What PPE is used in oil and gas? l What injuries or illnesses does it protect against? l Does it always succeed in protecting against these injuries or illnesses? l Why or why not?

CFR 1910. 132 General Requirements (a) Protective equipment, including personal protective equipment for: l Eyes, l Face, l Head, and extremities, l Protective clothing, l Respiratory devices, and l Protective shields and barriers, Shall be l provided, l used, and l maintained in a sanitary and reliable condition l wherever it is necessary by reason of hazards of processes or environment

1910. 132 General Requirements Hazards of processes or environment include : l Chemical hazards, l Radiological hazards, or l Mechanical irritants l Encountered in a manner capable of causing injury or impairment in the function of any part of the body through absorption, inhalation or physical contact.

1910. 132(d) Hazard Assessment l Assess workplace to determine if hazards are likely to necessitate the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) l If hazards are present the employer shall: – Select and have each affected employee use appropriate PPE for identified hazards – Communicate selection decisions – Select PPE that fits each employee

1910. 133 Eye and face protection l Employer assures that employee uses eye or face protection from hazards: – Flying particles – Molten metal – Liquid chemicals, acids or caustic liquids – Chemical gases or vapors – Potentially injurious light radiation

Eye and face protection Each affected employee must wear appropriately shaded filter lenses for protection from injurious light radiation l Tables in (a)(5) l

Protective eye and face devices shall comply with ANSI Z 87. 1 -1989 Subtitles & Transitions Z 87. 1 -1989 FOR EXAMPLE…

Respiratory Protection l Primary objective: Prevent atmospheric contamination – Respiratory hazards: dusts, mists, fogs, fumes, sprays, smokes or vapors l 1 st Priority: Engineering controls: – Enclosure or confinement of the operation, – General and local ventilation, and – Substitution of less toxic materials l Only where engineering controls are not feasible should respirators be used

Selection of respirators l Respirators must be NIOSH- certified l Cartridge change schedule for gases and vapors l IDLH atmosphere = immediately dangerous to life and health

Head Protection a. Ensure that each affected employee wears a protective helmet where there is a potential for head injury from falling objects

Classes and Types of Hard Hats l Type I hard hats - reduce force of impact from a blow to the top of the head l Type II hard hats - provide protection against both side impact (lateral) and blows to the top of the head

Classes and Types of Hard Hats l Class G (old A) – General – Tested to withstand 2200 volts l Class E (old B) – Electrical – Tested to withstand 20, 000 volts l Class C (old C) – Conductive – No electrical protection

1910. 135(b) Criteria for protective helmets l Protective helmets shall comply with ANSI Z 89. 1 -1986

Foot Protection l Each affected employee must use protective footwear where there is danger of: – Falling or rolling objects – Objects piercing sole – Feet exposed to electrical hazards l Protective Z 41 -1991 footwear shall comply with ANSI

Hand Protection a. l l l l Appropriate hand protection required for employee hand exposure to hazards such as: Skin absorption of harmful substances Severe cuts or lacerations Severe abrasions Punctures Chemical burns Thermal burns Harmful temperature extremes

Glove Selection

Hearing Protection l OSHA measures noise in decibels in A scale (d. BA) – calculation of one number for multiple frequencies l TWA calculation, but nonlinear scale l Permissible TWA: 90 d. BA for 8 hours l Table G-16: higher exposure, shorter time allowable