Personal Protective Equipment PPE 1 Purpose of PPE

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 1

Purpose of PPE To protect employees from hazards not eliminated from the workplace 2

Protective Equipment n Personal protective equipment – – Eyes Face Head Extremities Protective clothing n Respiratory devices n Protective shields and barriers n 3

Design and Condition n n Safe design and construction for work performed Sanitary and reliable condition – – – n n Defective and damaged equipment shall not be used Must properly fit users Provided Used Maintained n n n Laundered Repaired Replaced 4

Purchase of PPE n The employer is normally responsible for the cost of personal protective equipment. PPE used by trades may be an exception n 5

Protect Against Hazards n Hazards – – – Physical Chemical Biological/Infectious n Capable of causing injury or impairment in the function of any part of the body through (routes of entry) – – Inhalation Skin absorption Ingestion Contact with skin and/or eyes 6

Required Implementation n Engineering Control – – Ventilation Isolation Selected Equipment Redesign process or procedure n Administrative Control – – – Personal Hygiene Maintenance Hand washing Scheduled breaks Assignment schedules 7

Certified Hazard Assessment n Prepared by – – Consultant VA Personnel Insert - date of written hazard assessment n Insert - how to obtain a copy of the written hazard assessment n Required by 29 CFR 1910. 132 d n 8

Overview of Hazard Assessment n Bloodborne pathogens – – n Latex gloves Gown Safety glasses Hand washing Handling trash – – Rubber gloves Safety shoes n Shops – – – n Safety glasses Safety shoes Hearing protection Facilities – – – Rubber gloves Non-slip shoes Safety glasses (when mixing detergents) 9

Reassessment of Hazards Facility safety officer is responsible to reassess workplace hazards as necessary by: – – – Identifying and evaluating new equipment and processes Reviewing accident records Re-evaluating the suitability of previously selected PPE 10

Personal Protective Equipment Program n Defined by insert appropriate facility policy – – Ordering Repair Maintenance Other requirements 11

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (29 CFR 1910) n n n n n General Requirements -Eye and Face Protection -Respiratory Protection -Head Protection -Foot Protection -Electrical Protection -Hand Protection -Hearing Protection -Specialized Standards -- e. g. , 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 95 1030 12

Eye and Face Protection (29 CFR 1910. 133) 13

Hazards to Eyes/Face n n Physical – Flying Particles – Molten Metal – Potentially Injurious Light Radiation – Ultraviolet (UV) light Chemical – Gases or Vapors – Liquids – Acids or Caustics n Biological/Infectious – Blood – Saliva – Semen – Body Tissue – Wastes – Animal Tissue – Potentially Infectious Materials 14

Safety Glasses Can be used with side shields (Required if flying objects are present) n Plastic n – – n Can fit over corrective lenses Can be worn alone Can accommodate most types of prescriptive lenses 15

Goggles Should fit face snugly (sealing entire eye area) n Specially-coated lenses or ventilation holes may prevent fogging n Anti-fogging materials can be used n When removing goggles, tilt head down so that debris on top of goggles does not fall into eyes n 16

Other Eye and Face Protection n Face Shields – – – n Worn for extremely hazardous jobs Worn with safety glasses or goggles Do not completely protect face Hoods – – Protect entire head and face Can be worn with respirators n Sunglasses – – Provide protection against sun Should filter 99 to 100 percent UV Provide no protection against flying objects Can reduce chances of cataracts 17

Inspection and Maintenance of Eye and Face Protection n Must be kept clean Must be free of scratches and other defects that may obstruct vision Must be disinfected – – n Periodically, if used by same person After each use, if shared Headband should be replaced when slack, worn, or dirty 18

Eye Safety n Review Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) for chemicals used – – n Identify eye protection required Become familiar with emergency response procedures Contact Lenses – – Do NOT provide protection Should NOT be worn around chemicals or chemical vapors 19

Laser Eye Safety Follow guidance of laser manufacturer n Wear safety glasses with filters that protect against the wavelength of light for the laser being used n Partial reflections from Class IV lasers can cause permanent eye damage n 20

Head Protection (29 CFR 1910. 135) 21

Hazards to Head Falling or flying objects n Electrical conductors n Contamination from bloodborne pathogens n Sunburn and sunstroke n Cold temperatures n 22

Types and Classes of Head Protection n Types of protective hats – – n Type 1, Helmets - full brim (at least 1. 25”) Type 2, Brimless helmets with peak extending forward from the crown Classes of industrial head protection – – – Class A, General service - limited voltage protection Class B, Utility service - high voltage protection Class C, Special service - no voltage protection 23

Hard Hats (Class A) Hard exterior shell n Shock-absorbing lining n – – Headband Crown straps Protects against impact hazards n Used in construction n 24

Electrical Bump Hats (Class B) Protects against impact and penetration AND against high-voltage shock or burn n Can be used where there is a possibility of bumping against a fixed object n Used by electrical workers n Sometimes used in construction n 25

Other Head Protection n Safety Hat or Cap (Class C) – – – Protects against impacts Provides lightweight comfort Provides no electrical protection n Hat or Cap – – – Protects against exposure to sun (4 inch brim) Protects against exposure to cold (ear flaps) Generally not considered PPE 26

Specialized Head Protection n Hairnets – – n Food service employees Sanitation and cleanliness Hoods – – – Can be used in extremely hazardous situations Can be used with respirators Can provide eye and face protection n Surgical Caps – – Infection control and cleanliness Worn during medical procedures that involve large amounts of blood n Autopsies n Orthopedic surgery 27

Inspection and Maintenance of Head Protection n Damage – – – Dents Cracks Penetration Abuse Mutilation Other damage that might reduce the degree of protection provided n n n Visually inspect daily Clean periodically May adversely affect protection provided – – – Paint Sunlight Extreme temperatures 28

Foot Protection (29 CFR 1910. 136) 29

Foot Hazards and Protection n Hazards to Feet – – Falling or rolling objects Objects that pierce the sole Electrical exposures Slipping n Foot Protection – – – Safety Shoes Slip Resistant Soles Shoe Covers Rubber or Synthetic Boots Leather Work Boots 30

Safety Shoes Steel-reinforced toe (protects foot from being pierced or crushed) n Puncture-resistant or heat-resistant soles (optional) n Metal-free non-conductive materials (working around exposed electrical conductors) n 31

Other Foot Protection n Boots – Rubber/Synthetic n n – n May be required when working around chemicals Autopsies Leather n n Recommended for outdoor maintenance activities Avoid wearing around chemicals Shoe Covers – n May be required for some medical procedures Slip-resistant Soles – – OSHA recommends Will reduce the number of injuries resulting from slips, trips, or falls 32

Electrical Protection (29 CFR 1910. 137) 33

Electrical Protective Equipment (Insulated Rubber) n Required when exposed to electrical hazards – – – Blankets Matting Covers Line hose Gloves Sleeves n n n Maintained in a safe and reliable condition Cleaned as needed Requires periodic electrical testing 34

Inspections n n Before each day’s use Following any incident that caused damage Insulating properties cannot be degraded Insulating equipment failing to pass inspections or electrical tests may not be used unless specific requirements are met n Cannot use equipment with: – – Hole, tear, puncture, or cut Ozone cutting or ozone checking Embedded foreign objects Swelling, softening, hardening, stickiness, or inelasticity 35

Storage n Location and manner of storage must protect from: – – – Light Temperature extremes Excessive humidity Ozone Other injurious substances and conditions 36

Hand Protection (29 CFR 1910. 138) 37

Hand Protection n Provided to protect against – – – Absorption of harmful substances Severe cuts or lacerations Severe abrasions Punctures Chemical or thermal burns Harmful temperature extremes n Types of hand protection – – – Machine guards Electric eyes Push sticks Controls requiring two hands Gloves 38

Glove Selection Criteria n Selection based on evaluation of performance characteristics – – Task(s) to be performed Conditions present Duration of use Hazards and potential hazards identified n Selection based on individual characteristics – – – n n Grip Dexterity Flexibility Hand size Glove length Too tight - may rip Too loose - affects grip and comfort 39

General Purpose Gloves n Cotton – – – n Can be specially coated Allows handling of delicate components Absorbs oil Leather – – – n Protect against – – – Abrasion Cuts Punctures Snags Temperature extremes Rough surfaces Heat Sparks 40

Cut-resistant Gloves n n Designed for use with sharp knives and blades May contain – – – Cut-resistant yarns Composite materials Metal mesh (Required of most meatcutting and de-boning operations) n Protect against – – n Cuts Abrasion Some may protect against punctures 41

Special Purpose Gloves n n n Surgical Examination Firefighters Smelters Welders Clean rooms n Protect against specific hazards – – – HIV/Hepatitis Heat and burns Patient protection 42

Latex Gloves n Natural – – Required for surgery Can be used for examinations Label NOT required Hypoallergenic gloves NOT tested for natural rubber proteins (source of latex allergies) n Synthetic – – – Cannot be used for surgery Can be used for examinations Label NOT required 43

Chemical-resistant Gloves n n n Must be selected for the specific chemical used (Consult manufacturer’s guidance) Non-porous Selection based on – – – Potential toxic effects of chemicals used Likely routes of entry Degree of hazard Protect against – – – n Dermatitis Chemical burns Cancer Resist – – – Penetration Permeation Degradation 44

Penetration n Natural rubber – – Protects against liquids that mix with water Provides no protection against petroleum or oil-based solvents n Synthetic rubber resists – – – Oils Greases Acids Caustics Many petroleum products 45

Permeation n n Must consult manufacturer’s technical data for specific chemical used No protective barrier provides permeation protection for all chemicals n Often coated with – – Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Nitrile Neoprene Latex 46

Degradation n Signs of degradation – – n Stiffer More brittle Softer Weaker Major indication that gloves should be replaced n Inspect before each use – – Rips Holes Weak seams Imperfections 47

Hand Safety n n n n Do NOT wear gloves that are damaged Clean off contaminants before you remove gloves Remove gloves safely Properly decontaminate and store gloves Monitor the condition of your gloves as you work Follow manufacturer’s guidance for maintenance and storage Dispose of gloves properly 48

Skin Protection 49

Hazards to Skin n Hazards – – – Sunburn Skin Cancer Dermatitis Poison ivy, oak, sumac Insect and animal bites n Protections available – – – Protective clothing Sunscreen Insect repellent Scheduling of work Ointments 50

Prevention of Sun Damage n n Avoid the sun’s strongest rays (10 a. m. - 4 p. m. ) Wear protective clothing – – – Broad-brimmed hats Long pants Long-sleeved shirts n n n Wear sunglasses (99 - 100% UV ray protection) Always wear a sunscreeen with SPF of 15 or more Avoid sunlamps, tanning beds, and tanning parlors 51

Torso Protection 52

Hazards to Torso n Hazards – – – Heat Splashes from hot metals and liquids Impacts Cuts Acids Radiation 53

Types of Protection n Options – – – – Vests Jackets Aprons Coveralls Full body suits Lead lined coverings Gowns n Materials – – – Fire retardant wool Specially treated cotton Leather Rubberized fabrics Disposable suits 54

Lifting or Back Belts n Must follow manufacturer’s guidance n Back belts can be obtained by contacting 55

Appropriate PPE for Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens n n Does NOT permit blood or other potentially infectious materials to pass through to – Employee’s work clothes – Employee’s street clothes – Undergarments Under normal conditions of use n n Does NOT permit blood or other potentially infectious materials to reach – Skin – Eyes – Mouth – Other mucous membranes For the duration of time to be used 56

PPE for Bloodborne Pathogens n n n Gloves Gowns or aprons Laboratory coats Face shields or masks and eye protection Goggles or glasses with side shields Mouthpieces n n n Surgical caps or hoods Shoe covers or boots Clinic jackets Resuscitation bags Pocket masks Other ventilation devices 57

Gloves Required for Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens n n n When reasonably anticipated that employee may have hand contact with – Blood – Other potentially infectious materials – Mucous membranes – Non-intact skin When performing vascular access procedures When handling or touching contaminated items or surfaces 58

Hearing Protection (29 CFR 1910. 95) 59

Hearing Protectors n If exposed to 85 d. B or greater for eight-hour TWA: – – Hearing protection must be available Hearing protection must be worn if n n No baseline audiogram has been established Hearing threshold has changed an average of 10 d. B or more at 2000, 3000, or 4000 hertz in either ear n Must be worn if: Duration Sound Level (hours per day) (d. BA) 8 90 6 92 4 95 3 97 2 100 1. 5 102 1 105 0. 5 110 0. 25 or less 115 60

Locations Requiring Noise Protection n Building # – – – n n Room ### Mechanical room Penthouse – Building # – – Room ### Shop area Building # n Insert appropriate locations Building # – Insert appropriate locations 61

Types of Hearing Protectors n Earplugs – – – Lightweight Comfortable for long periods of time Made of soft fibers or foam (self-forming) Disposable or reusable Performed, pre-molded, or custom molded n Earmuffs – – Easily put on or removed Require entire ear to fit inside cup (seal) May interfere with glasses or goggles Can be designed for use with hard hats 62

General Considerations n n n Proper initial fit required Must be used correctly Must receive training in the use and care of hearing protectors provided Must be allowed to select hearing protectors from a variety of suitable hearing protectors provided by employer Must be replaced as necessary 63

Hearing Safety n n If you have to shout to talk to someone within 2 or 3 feet - Wear hearing protection Off-the-job activities (woodworking, shooting, etc. ) can hurt your hearing - Hearing protection is recommended Never remove hearing protection in high noise areas Do NOT share hearing protection with others 64

Respiratory Protection (29 CFR 1910. 134) 65

Hazards Requiring Respirators n Protect against breathing air contaminated with harmful: – – – – – Dusts Fogs Fumes Mists Gases Smokes Sprays Vapors Infectious biological agents n Healthcare-related exposures that may require respirators: – – n Tuberculosis Ethylene oxide Some chemicals used for disinfection or preservation (morgues) Animal fecal matter Other related exposures – – Asbestos Paint fumes 66

Respirators n Types of Facepieces – – – Half-face Full-face Hoods n Types of Respirators – Air Purifying n n n – N 95 (Tuberculosis) Dust, fume, mist Powered air purifying Air Supplied n n Self-contained breathing apparatus Air Line 67

General Considerations n n n Written program required Medical examination in accordance with ANSI Z 88. 6 Annual follow-up n n n Certification by NIOSH Selection in accordance with ANSI Z 88. 2 Fit testing required in accordance with ANSI Z 88. 10 Cleaning and disinfection Proper storage 68

Emergency Response (29 CFR 1910. 120) n Facility Emergency Response Plan addresses PPE if: – – An industrial facility intends to use the medical center, if there is an emergency Medical center provides support during responses to natural phenomenon n n Level A - Encapsulating chemical protective suit Level B - Respiratory protection 69

Summary n PPE must – – n Protect against the hazard Protect the route of entry Be maintained in a safe and sanitary condition Be used properly PPE is available by contacting – – Your supervisor Facility safety office personnel n If you have questions concerning PPE provided contact – – n Your supervisor Facility safety personnel If you have questions concerning the health effects associated with PPE contact employee health personnel 70