Sender Initiator of communication Encoder of message has

Sender • Initiator of communication • Encoder of message (has to decide what to say & how to say it) • Speaker or performer who uses verbal and nonverbal means of communication

The Communication Process 3. _____ 4. _______ 5. __ codi Start h __ ng __ ere __ __ 2. En __ __ 6. _______ __ 9. _______ 7. _ __ __ __ 10 __ __ 1. Sender 8. _______

Encoding • Sender’s selection of a means of expression (what will I say & how will I say it so my audience can understand? ) • Translating ideas into forms of expression • Selecting appropriate symbols and words for the receiver

Levels of Information • Cultural – Race – Sex – National background • Sociological – Level of education – Income – Social class • Individual – Interests, hobbies, social groups, etc.

The Communication Process __ __ 2. En __ __ codi Start h __ __ ng __ ere 4. _______ 5. 3. Message (Verbal/ Nonverbal) 6. _______ __ 9. _______ 7. _ __ __ __ 10 __ __ 1. Sender 8. _______

Message • Information - WHAT is said & HOW it is said. • A systemic translation of a sender’s intention into a code (for example, language or signs) • A verbal or nonverbal expression of a sender’s purpose • The product of a sender’s efforts at communication

Verbal Communication • Sending a message to a receiver through words.

Nonverbal Communication • Messages sent by means other than words – Appearance – Voice (volume, tone) – Gestures – Body Movement – Eye contact or facial expression – Spatial relations

The Communication Process __ __ 2. En __ Start h __ __ codi __ ng __ ere 4. Channel (Senses) 5. 3. Message (Verbal/ Nonverbal) 6. _______ __ 9. _______ 7. _ __ __ __ 10 __ __ 1. Sender 8. _______

Channel • Means of transmitting a message • A medium related to the senses • For example: – AUDIO: Airwaves carry messages through the auditory sense – VISUAL: Light waves carry messages through the visual one

The Communication Process ng ere codi od c De 2. En g in Start h 4. Channel (Senses) 5. 3. Message (Verbal/ Nonverbal) 6. _______ __ 9. _______ 7. _ __ __ __ 10 __ __ 1. Sender 8. _______

Decoding • Receivers give meaning to a message through their own perceptions • Receivers must interpret messages (symbols or codes) according to their own background, abilities, attitudes, etc.

The Communication Process ng ere 2. En g in codi od c De Start h 4. Channel (Senses) 5. 3. Message (Verbal/ Nonverbal) 6. Receiver __ 9. _______ 7. _ __ __ __ 10 __ __ 1. Sender 8. _______

Receiver • Target of the sender’s communication • Decoder of message • Listener or observer of verbal and nonverbal messages

The Communication Process ng ere 2. En g in codi od c De Start h 4. Channel (Senses) 5. 3. Message (Verbal/ Nonverbal) 6. Receiver 1. Sender __ 7. _ __ __ En co __ __ __ din . _ g 10 9. _______ 8. _______

Encoding • Same definition as last time… • Now it is the receiver encoding his or her feedback.

The Communication Process ng 2. En g in codi Start h od c De ere 4. Channel (Senses) 5. 3. Message (Verbal/ Nonverbal) 6. Receiver 1. Sender __ 8. Feedback 7. _ __ __ En co __ __ __ din . _ g 10 9. _______

Feedback • Response of the receiver to the sender’s message, which tells the sender how the message was received. • It answers the question, “How am I doing? ” • Examples: – Nodding heads – Confused looks – Questions – Applause

The Communication Process ng ere 2. En g in codi od c De Start h 4. Channel (Senses) 5. 3. Message (Verbal/ Nonverbal) 6. Receiver 1. Sender __ 8. Feedback din co En _ __ __ Interference 7. __ __ __ . _ g 10 9. Possible

Interference • Anything that disrupts or prevents a receiver’s interpretation of a sender’s message as the latter intended. • Internal or External Noise.

Internal Interference • Feelings, attitudes, or opinions belonging to the receiver that prevent the receiver from listening to the speaker carefully. • A teacher using vocabulary words that students don’t understand • An individual’s bias against a certain group of people (race, ethnicity, etc. )

External Interference • Disruptions usually found in the channel causing the transmission of the message to be interrupted. • Examples: • Fire truck siren interrupting the reception of speech. • A loud clanking noise coming from the air conditioning unit. • A grandpa who turns his hearing aid off while his wife is instructing him on the daily chores.

The Communication Process ng codi od 2. En g in 6. Receiver 1. Sender 10 ng 8. Feedback din co En di co De g . 9. Possible Interference 7. Start h c De ere 5. 3. Message 4. Channel (Senses) (Verbal/ Nonverbal)

Decoding • Same as previous definition. • This time the sender decodes the feedback from the receiver and analyzes whether or not the message communicated effectively.