SAURON Spectrograph CRAL Lyon Euro 3 D RTN

SAURON Spectrograph CRAL (Lyon) Euro 3 D RTN Kick-off Meeting IAC, Tenerife July 2 -4, 2002

PMAS : 3 years experience with nod & shuffle 3 D spectroscopy Martin M. Roth, AIP Nicolás Cardiel, Calar Alto Javier Cenarro, UCM

rebinned to PMAS IFU 10 hours @ 8 m 3 1 % FF accuracy „ 3 D - Imaging the Universe in 3 Dimensions“, Walnut Creek 1999 „SDW 2002“, Waimea 2002

Outline : § Introduction § Example (1) : Ca II triplet in Elliptical Galaxies § Example (2) : Planetary Nebula Haloes § Conclusions + Outlook

Cuillandre et al. 1994, A&A 281, 603 „ Va – et – Vient “ Object Sky

Cuillandre et al. 1994, A&A 281, 603 „ Va – et – Vient “ Object Sky

Cuillandre et al. 1994, A&A 281, 603 „ Va – et – Vient “ Glazebrook & Bland-Hawthorne 2001, PASP 113, 197 Roth et al. 2002, Proc. SDW 2002 (Waimea)

Roth et al. 2005, PASP 117, 620

Refereed Publications based on PMAS in 2003: Christensen L. , Becker T. , Jahnke K. , Kelz A. , Roth M. M. , Sánchez S. F. , Wisotzki L. Integral field spectroscopy of SN 2002 er with PMAS A&A, 401 (2003) 479 Wisotzki L. , Becker T. , Christensen L. , Helms A. , Jahnke K. , Kelz A. , Roth M. M. , Sánchez S. F. Integral-field spectroscopy of the quadruple QSO HE 0435 -1223: Evidence for microlensing A&A 408 (2003) 455 Schmoll, J. , Roth, M. M. , Laux, U. „Statistical Test of Optical Fibers for Use in PMAS, the Potsdam Multi-Aperture Spectrophotometer“ PASP 115 (2003), 854

2004 : Roth, M. M. , Becker, T. , Kelz, A. , Schmoll, J. 3 D Spectrophotometry of Planetary Nebulae in the Bulge of M 31 Ap. J 603 (2004), 531 Christensen, L. , Sánchez, S. F. , Jahnke, K. , Becker, T. , Wisotzki, L. , Kelz, A. , Popovic, L. C. , Roth, M. M. “Integral field spectroscopy of extended Ly_alpha emission from the DLA galaxy in Q 2233+131” A&A 417 (2004), 487 Wisotzki, L. , Schechter, P. L. , Chen, H. -W. , Richstone, D. , Jahnke, K. , Sánchez, S. F. , Reimers, D. “HE 0047 -1756: A new gravitational Lensed double QSO” A&A 419 (2004), 13 Becker, T. , Fabrika, S. , Roth, M. M. “Crowded Field 3 D Spectroscopy” AN 325 (2004) 2, 155 Roth, M. M. , Becker, T. , Böhm, P. , Kelz, A. “Science Verification Results from PMAS” AN 325 (2004) 2, 147

2004 (continued): Christensen, L. , Sánchez, S. F. , Jahnke, K. , Becker, T. , Kelz, A. , Wisotzki, L. , Roth, M. M. “Integral Field observations of damped Lyman-a galaxies” AN 325 (2004) 2, 124 Jahnke, K. , Wisotzki, L, Sánchez, S. F. , Christensen, L. , Becker, T. , Kelz, A. , Roth, M. M. “Integral field spectroscopy of QSO host galaxies” AN 325 (2004) 2, 128 Sholukhova, O. , Fabrika, S. , Roth, M. , Becker, T. (2004), “B 416 a B[e]-SUPERGIANT in Interacting Binary? ” Baltic Astronomy, 13, 156 Verheijen, M. A. W. , Bershady, M. A. , Andersen, D. R. , Swaters, R. A. , Westfall, K. , Kelz, A. , Roth, M. M. The Disk Mass project; science case for a new PMAS IFU module AN 325 (2004) 2, 151 Wisotzki, L. , Becker, T. , Christensen, L. , Jahnke, K. , Helms, A. , Kelz, A. , Roth, M. M. , Sánchez, S. F. “Integral field spectrophotometry of gravitationally lensed QSOs with PMAS” AN 325 (2004) 2, 135

2005 : Lehmann, I. Becker, T. , Fabrika, S. , Roth, M. M. , Miyaji, T. , Afanasief, V. , Sholukhova, O. , Sánchez, S. F. , Greiner, J. , Hasinger, G. , Constantini, E. , Surkov, A. , Burenkov, A. “Integral field spectroscopy of the ultraluminous X-ray source Holberg II X-1” A&A, 431 (2005) 847 Christensen, L. , Schulte-Ladbeck, R. E. , Sanchez, S. F. , Becker, T. , Jahnke, K. , Kelz, A. , Roth, M. M. , Wisotzki, L. „Abundances and kinematics of a candidate sub-damped Lyman-alpha galaxy toward PHL 1226“ A&A (2005) 429 , 477 Sanchez, S. F. , Becker, T. , Garcia-Lorenzo, B. , Benn, C. R. , Christensen, L. , Kelz, A. , Jahnke, J. , Roth, M. M. „The merging/AGN connection II. Ionization of the circumnuclear regions“ A&A 429 (2005) L 21 Roth, M. M. , Kelz, A. , Fechner, T. , Hahn, T. , Bauer, S. -M. ; Becker, T. , Böhm, P. , Christensen, L. , Dionies, F. , Paschke, J. , Popow, E. , Wolter, D. , Schmoll, J. , Laux, U. , Altmann, W. „PMAS: The Potsdam Multi-Aperture Spectrophotometer. I. Design, Manufacture, and Performance“ PASP 117 (2005), 620

(1) 3 D spectroscopy of elliptical galaxies in the Ca II triplet region Nicolás Cardiel (CAHA, Calar Alto Observatory, Spain) Javier Cenarro (UCM, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain) NGC 221 NGC 507 Dressler 1984, Ap. J 286, 97 NGC 5982 Ca II 8498 NGC 6703 Ca II 8542 Ca II 8662

q Why to use 3 D Spectroscopy ? 10 4 10 3 10 2 10 1 10 0 10 -1 2 MASS 1. 2 μ

q Why to use 3 D Spectroscopy ? DSS Image sky position 16’’x 16’’ FOV Acquisition Image Acquisition image

q Why to use PMAS (in Nod & Shuffle mode)? Because the interlaced observations of target and sky is the only way to obtain a reliable sky subtraction in the near-IR (impossible with long-slit spectroscopy). target (x 16) sky (x 16)

256 spectra galaxy+sky galaxy Ca 1 Ca 2 Ca 3

q Example: NGC 221 > 6 mag HST (NICMOS) photometry of NGC 221 (Ravindranath et al. 2001) ● single spectra ● coadded spectra ( 10– 30 spectra ) ● sum over the whole IFU ( 256 spectra ) • First reliable Ca. T - gradient in an elliptical galaxy: flat ! • but : NGC 221 exhibits a gradient in Mg 2 ! • E galaxies are not composed of simple stellar populations complex star formation history

Ongoing project: still finishing the reduction and starting the analysis phase… Three observing runs: Run #17: 14– 20 Aug 2003 Run #20: 09– 14 Jan 2004 Run #39: 29 Apr– 03 May 2005 RUN GALAXY EXPTIME REGION 17 NGC 0221 1 x 2400 sec 3 x 2400 sec Center Off 36” 17 NGC 0507 3 x 2400 sec Center Off 16” 17 NGC 5982 2 x 2400 sec Center Off 16” 17 NGC 6703 3 x 2400 sec 5 x 2400 sec Center Off 16” 17 NGC 7332 1 x 2400 sec Center 20 NGC 0777 3 x 2400 sec Center 20 NGC 2778 6 x 2400 sec Center 20 NGC 2329 13 x 2400 sec Center 20 NGC 4415 9 x 2400 sec Center 39 NGC 4365 4 x 2400 sec Center 39 NGC 5813 5 x 2400 sec Center

(2) Haloes of Planetary Nebulae as fossil records of AGB mass loss history Martin Roth (AIP) Detlef Schönberner (AIP) Matthias Steffen (AIP) Ana Monreal Ibero (AIP) Andreas Kelz (AIP)

10 -15 erg/cm-2/s-1/Å-1 (2) Haloes of Planetary Nebulae as fossil records of AGB mass loss history Te ne Å

(2) Haloes of Planetary Nebulae as fossil records of AGB mass loss history Guerrero et al. 1997

NGC 6720 PMAS guider image H map single spaxel (V 600, V 1200, 300 1800 s)s) single

NGC 6720 PMAS guider image [O II] map 1 x 1, background subtracted 3 x 3, 16 16, backgroundsubtracted V 1200, 1200 s

Conventional sky subtraction :

„Nod & Shuffle“ sky subtraction : [ O II ]

Conventional sky subtraction : Hγ [ O III 4363 ] Hg sky line :

„Nod & Shuffle“ sky subtraction : Hγ Hg sky line : [ O III 4363 ]

Radial intensity profile in H Shell inner halo outer halo Radial density profile from Abel inversion

Radial emissivity profile in H Shell inner halo [OII 3729]/[OII 3727] ~ 1 inner halo: ne ~ r-1. 5 ? outer halo

Ongoing project: … more data expected in September 2005 Three observing runs: Run #23: Feb 2003 Run #27: Aug 2004 Run #28: Aug 2004 (backup) RUN PN EXPTIME REGION 23 NGC 2022 5 x 300 sec 1 x 2400 sec Center T 1 T 2 23 NGC 3242 9 x 300 sec 1 x 2400 sec Center T 1 T 2 23 NGC 3587 7 x 2400 sec 2 x 2400 sec T 2 -T 8 Off 16” 23 IC 3568 1 x 2400 sec 3 x 2400 sec T 0 T 1 23 NGC 6543 9 x 300 sec Center 27 NGC 6720 2 x 300 sec 5 x 2400 sec T 3, T 4 T 5 -T 7 28 NGC 6720 3 x 2400 sec T 5 -T 7

Conclusions • interlaced NODS 3 D spectroscopy works • random noise sky subtraction, no systematic residuals • no MIRACLES : NODS does not beat the shot noise ! • significant overhead penality • at CAHA 3. 5 m, specifically: not applicable to point sources • opens opportunities for going faint in bright/grey time • think of ELTs : using less than ideal obs condx. !

new 1 arcmin FOV PPAK IFU for PMAS: 75‘‘ 65‘‘

2 nd Generation VLT Instrumentation MUSE