Researching the Literature Outline Scholarly literature and the

Researching the Literature

Outline § Scholarly literature and the research process | Activity • Research Article vs Review Article § Search Tool | Activity • Identify search terms • Hands-on with Pub. Med § Citing | Mendeley demo

Learning Outcomes § You will be able to: | | Distinguish between research and review articles Create a search strategy Search for information using Pub. Med Be aware of citation management tool Mendeley

The Scientific Method § § § Question Research Hypothesis Experiment Conclusion Report Research Question Hypothesis Experiment Conclusion Report

Scientific Information Timeline Primary Sources Reporting on the experimental process and results Closest to the actual research done Secondary Sources Tertiary Sources Interpretations, evaluations, syntheses, and responses to research done by others One step away from research, but usually refers to primary information Established ideas generally accepted as fact by the scientific community Popular Sources Information aimed at a general audience – not scientists May be primary, secondary, or tertiary

Scientific Information Timeline Conference Research Article Review Article Book Recent Older Specific General

Peer-review Process

Peer-review Process § A panel of experts in a field evaluate an article’s quality, validity, and relevance in its field § An article can be | Accepted | Require revisions | Rejected

IMRa. D Format

IMRa. D Format

Review Article

Review Article: Example § The molecular neurobiology of depression | | | Abstract Introduction Neural circuitry of depression The role of monoamines Neurotrophins and neurogenesis Neuroendocrine and neuroimmune interactions Epigenetic mechanisms Resilience-related research New insights Conclusion References https: //www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/18923511

Activity: Research vs Review § Mentimeter | Go to the Library Course guide and open the links for the three examples | Don’t read the entire articles, look at the features, scan and decide what each is

Research approach Conference Research Article Review Article Book Recent Older Specific General

Search – an iterative process § § § Identify main ideas Think of search terms for each main idea Combine Search Evaluate results Repeat

Identify the main ideas What is the relationship between the ghrelin receptor and obesity?

Identify the main ideas What is the relationship between the ghrelin receptor and obesity?

Worksheet example Main Idea 1 ghrelin receptor Main Idea 2 obesity Main Idea 3 Search Term

Activity: Think of search terms § Mentimeter

Combine search terms § Boolean operators | AND • Many databases don’t need AND, it is assumed • The more terms you AND together, the fewer results you find | OR • Used to combine related terms • The more terms you OR together, the more results you find • Use brackets when using synonyms with OR | NOT • Use to eliminate irrelevant results

Combine search terms § Phrase searching | Quotations – “ghrelin receptor” § Truncation | Asterisk (sometimes other symbol) – receptor* § Brackets | Isolate main ideas and group together their search terms – (weight OR obesity OR …. ) (“ghrelin receptor” OR GHSR OR …. )

Controlled vocabulary § Controlled vocabulary | An established list of standardized terms used for both indexing and retrieval of information | Thesaurus | Subject Headings § Many databases have controlled vocabularies | Pubmed Medical Subject Headings Me. SH • "Receptors, Ghrelin"[Me. SH] • "Obesity"[Mesh] | Psyc. INFO Thesaurus

Build a search (“ghrelin receptor” OR GHSR OR “Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor” OR "Receptors, Ghrelin"[Majr]) AND (obes* OR overweight OR eating OR "Overweight"[Mesh])

Search Tools § Library search tool OMNI § Pubmed | Key search tool for biomedical sciences | Covers 30 million citations | Provides links to: • PMC (free full text) • Publishers websites • Library subscription

Activity: Pub. Med Searching § Pub. Med | | Go to the library homepage Go to the database link underneath the large search box Click on the letter P Scroll to the bottom of the page, select Pub. Med from the list § Practice with Pub. Med for your assignment

Citation management § Mendeley

Library Research Help HELP • Neuroscience Subject Guide • NEUR 2001 Course Guide QUESTIONS? • Visit the library online https: //library. carleton. ca/help • Email heather. macdonald@carleton. ca • Schedule Appointment https: //library. carleton. ca/contact/ staff-directory/heather-macdonald https: //errantscience. com/blog/2019/03/20/stories-from-a-librarians-help-desk/