PNH F A phosphatidylinositol glycan class A PIGA

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PNH的病理机制 F 磷脂酰肌醇聚糖A类基因异常 [phosphatidylinositol glycan class A (PIG-A) gene abnormality] F 糖化磷脂酰肌醇连接蛋白 [glycosylphosphatidylinositolanchored proteins(GPI-AP)]缺乏:

PNH的病理机制 F 磷脂酰肌醇聚糖A类基因异常 [phosphatidylinositol glycan class A (PIG-A) gene abnormality] F 糖化磷脂酰肌醇连接蛋白 [glycosylphosphatidylinositolanchored proteins(GPI-AP)]缺乏: CD 59: membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis, MIRL CD 55: decay-accelerating factor, DAF

红细胞外的致病因素(1) *免疫溶血性(Immunolytic) 温抗体型自身免疫性溶血性贫血 (AIHA caused by warm-reactive antibodies) 特发性(Idiopathic) 继发性或症状性(Secondary or symptomatic) 病毒和支原体感染(Virus and

红细胞外的致病因素(1) *免疫溶血性(Immunolytic) 温抗体型自身免疫性溶血性贫血 (AIHA caused by warm-reactive antibodies) 特发性(Idiopathic) 继发性或症状性(Secondary or symptomatic) 病毒和支原体感染(Virus and mycoplasma infections) 淋巴增殖性疾病(Lymphoproliferative diseases, LPD) 其他恶性肿瘤( Other malignant diseases) 免疫缺陷状态(Immune-deficiency states) 自身免疫病(Autoimmune disorders) 药物诱发(Drug-induced)

红细胞外的致病因素(2) *免疫溶血性(Immunolytic) 冷抗体型自身免疫性溶血性贫血 (AIHA caused by cold-reactive antibodies) 冷凝集素病(Cold hemagglutinin disease) 特发性(Idiopathic) 继发性(Secondary) 阵发性冷性血红蛋白尿症

红细胞外的致病因素(2) *免疫溶血性(Immunolytic) 冷抗体型自身免疫性溶血性贫血 (AIHA caused by cold-reactive antibodies) 冷凝集素病(Cold hemagglutinin disease) 特发性(Idiopathic) 继发性(Secondary) 阵发性冷性血红蛋白尿症 (Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria) 血型不合的输血 (Transfusion of incompatible blood) 新生儿溶血病 (Hemolytic disease of the newborn)

红细胞外的致病因素(3) *物理因素(Physical agents) 微血管病性溶血性 (Microangiographic hemolytic) 溶血尿毒症综合征(HUS) 血栓性血小板减少性紫癜(TTP) 弥散性血管内凝血(DIC) 人 瓣膜和其他心脏异常 (Prosthetic valves and

红细胞外的致病因素(3) *物理因素(Physical agents) 微血管病性溶血性 (Microangiographic hemolytic) 溶血尿毒症综合征(HUS) 血栓性血小板减少性紫癜(TTP) 弥散性血管内凝血(DIC) 人 瓣膜和其他心脏异常 (Prosthetic valves and other cardiac abnormalities) 热损伤(Caused by thermal injury)

红细胞外的致病因素(4) *药物和化学毒物(Drugs and chemicals) 氧化剂(Oxidant) 非氧化剂(Nonoxidant) 芳香化合物(Aromatic) 氯酸盐(Chlorates) 硝酸盐(Nitrates) 顺铂(Cisplatin) 氧(Oxygen) 氢化砷(Arsine, As. H

红细胞外的致病因素(4) *药物和化学毒物(Drugs and chemicals) 氧化剂(Oxidant) 非氧化剂(Nonoxidant) 芳香化合物(Aromatic) 氯酸盐(Chlorates) 硝酸盐(Nitrates) 顺铂(Cisplatin) 氧(Oxygen) 氢化砷(Arsine, As. H 3) 锑化氢(Stibine, Sb. H 3) 铅(Lead) 铜(Copper) 水(Water)

四、临床表现(1) *急性溶血性贫血的表现 起病急(begin abruptly) 寒战(shaking chills) 高热(high fever) 全身酸痛(pains over the body ) 苍白(pallor)

四、临床表现(1) *急性溶血性贫血的表现 起病急(begin abruptly) 寒战(shaking chills) 高热(high fever) 全身酸痛(pains over the body ) 苍白(pallor) 黄疸(jaundice) 心动过速(tachycardia) 肾功能衰竭(acute renal failure) 休克(shock)

四、临床表现(2) *慢性溶血性贫血的表现 起病缓慢(occurred slowly) 贫血(anemia) 黄疸(jaundice) 脾肿大(splenomegaly) 胆石症(cholelithiasis) 下肢溃疡(leg ulcers) 骨骼畸形(skeletal abnormalities) 再生障碍危象(Aplastic crisis)

四、临床表现(2) *慢性溶血性贫血的表现 起病缓慢(occurred slowly) 贫血(anemia) 黄疸(jaundice) 脾肿大(splenomegaly) 胆石症(cholelithiasis) 下肢溃疡(leg ulcers) 骨骼畸形(skeletal abnormalities) 再生障碍危象(Aplastic crisis)

红细胞破坏过多的表现 *红细胞生存时间缩短(Decreased RBC life span) *红细胞形态异常(Morphologic abnormalities of RBC) *血清乳酸脱氢酶活性增高(Increased serum LDH) *血浆游离血红蛋白升高(Hemoglobinemia) *血清结合珠蛋白减少或消失

红细胞破坏过多的表现 *红细胞生存时间缩短(Decreased RBC life span) *红细胞形态异常(Morphologic abnormalities of RBC) *血清乳酸脱氢酶活性增高(Increased serum LDH) *血浆游离血红蛋白升高(Hemoglobinemia) *血清结合珠蛋白减少或消失 (Reduced or absence of serum haptoglobin) *血红蛋白尿(Hemoglobinuria) *每周血红蛋白浓度减少 10 g/L以上 (Fall in blood Hb level at a rate > 10 g/L)

血红蛋白代谢产物增多的表现 血清非结合胆红素升高 (Increased serum unconjugated bilirubin level) 血清血结素水平下降 (Reduced serum hemopexin level) 高铁血红素白蛋白血症 (Methemalbuminemia)

血红蛋白代谢产物增多的表现 血清非结合胆红素升高 (Increased serum unconjugated bilirubin level) 血清血结素水平下降 (Reduced serum hemopexin level) 高铁血红素白蛋白血症 (Methemalbuminemia) 尿胆原增多 (Increased rate of urobilinogen excretion) 含铁血黄素尿症 (Hemosiderinuria)

骨髓代偿增生的表现 *网织红细胞升高 (Reticulocytosis, polychromatophilia, stippling) *外周血出现幼红细胞、大红细胞 (Erythroblastosis,Macrocytosis) *骨髓红系过度增生 (Erythroid hyperplasia)

骨髓代偿增生的表现 *网织红细胞升高 (Reticulocytosis, polychromatophilia, stippling) *外周血出现幼红细胞、大红细胞 (Erythroblastosis,Macrocytosis) *骨髓红系过度增生 (Erythroid hyperplasia)

用于病因诊断的特殊检查 *渗透脆性试验(Osmotic fragility test) *自溶血试验(Autohemolysis) *Coombs试验(Antiglobulin test) *Ham试验(complement lysis sensitivity assay) *流式细胞仪检测GPI-AP表达:CD 55、CD 59

用于病因诊断的特殊检查 *渗透脆性试验(Osmotic fragility test) *自溶血试验(Autohemolysis) *Coombs试验(Antiglobulin test) *Ham试验(complement lysis sensitivity assay) *流式细胞仪检测GPI-AP表达:CD 55、CD 59 *RBC特殊形态异常检查(Spherocyte, Elliptocyte, etal) *红细胞酶的检查(G 6 PD、PK等) *血红蛋白电泳(Hb Electrophoresis) *变性珠蛋白小体生成试验(Heinz-body formation)