Overview of the International classification of occupations ISCO

Overview of the International classification of occupations (ISCO) A case for Uganda Ssennono vincent

Contents n n n n Sources of labour statistics Why urban labour force surveys Type of labour statistics Achievements Coding of occupations Limitations recommendatios

Sources of Labour Statistics n Censuses and Sample Surveys n n Administrative Records n n Conducted by UBOS Ministry of Gender, labour and Social Development Records from Other Organizations n FUE, NOTU, UIA, UMA, NSSF, Dept of Immigration, etc

Censuses n 1991 and 2002 Populations Censuses n n 1990 , 2002 and 2010 Census of Business Establishments n n Collected little information on the status of the labour force Collected information on employment 1978 Census of Civil Servants n Collected detailed information but for Civil Servants ONLY

Specific Sample Surveys n Enumeration of Employees 1968 n n n HH Budget Survey 1988/89 National Manpower Survey of 1989 n n Covered Characteristics and structure of skilled manpower in the formal Sector Integrated HH Surveys 1992/93 n n Covered employees only in the formal Sector A few questions on activity Status were asked Monitoring Surveys 1993/94, 1994/95, 1995/96

Specific Sample Surveys n n n HH Survey of 1997 with a Pilot Labour module Demographic and Health Surveys 1988/89, 2000/2001, 2006 Uganda Household Survey 1999/2000, 2002/2003, 2005/06, 2009/10 n n n Labour Market condition, 2006 Labour Market condition, 2007 Labour Market condition, 2011(planned)

Specific Sample Surveys n Employment and earning surveys, 2007 n n n n hours of work per job Average wage per job Overtime payment Number of vacancies Occupational injuries National panel surveys- 2005/06 and 2009/2010 Annual Urban labour force surveys-2009

Why urban annual labour force survey Monitor unemployment rate in urban areas n Limited resource n Quality of data- self reporting and reducing respondent fatigue n

Administrative Records Registration of the unemployed by MGLSD- poor coverage n Records of individual employers n Data from employer or employee organizations e. g. NOTU and FUE n Job Adverts in newspaper n

Type Labour Statistics Status in Employment of persons n Unemployment Rate n Labour force participation rate n Industry and Occupation n Monthly earnings n Time realated Underemployment n Labour slack n

Type of Labour Statistics n n n Working poor Labour absorption rate Share of women in wage employment Size of subsistence vs non subsistence Wage rates in selected occupation Size of public sector employment

Achievements n Design a full fledged labour force survey instruments n n n questionnaire Sampling Manual of instruction Carried out a an independent labour force survey in urban areas Improved funding from government Targeted dissemination

Components of labour underutilization Labour slack 25. 5% 21. 4% 30. 4% ● Unemployed 13. 0% 6. 6% 20. 7% ● Time-related underemployed 10. 2% 13. 9% 5. 8% ● Discouraged workers 1. 3% 0. 3% 2. 6% ● Other not economically active persons, currently available for work 0. 9% 0. 5% 1. 4% 10. 5% 13. 9% 6. 6% 4. 3% 6. 1% 2. 2% - 5 th level education in occupations ISCO-88 major groups 4 -9 6. 1% 7. 7% 4. 2% - 6 th level education in occupations ISCO-88 major groups 3 -9 0. 1% Low earnings 4. 0% 2. 8% 5. 5% ● Full-time employed (40 -48 hrs per week) with low monthly earnings 0. 3% 0. 1% 0. 5% ● Part-time employed (<40 hrs per week) with low hourly earnings 0. 0% ● Over-employed (>48 hrs per week) 3. 7% 2. 7% 5. 0% - with low monthly earnings 3. 7% 2. 7% 5. 0% - above monthly earnings threshold, but with low hourly earnings 0. 0% Skills underutilization - 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th level education in occupations ISCO-88 major group 9

Coding of occupation (ISCO 1988) surveys n Main and secondary occupations n n n What was (names) main/secondary occupation in the last 7 days. DESCRIBE THE OCCUPATION AND IN AT LEAST 2 WORDS. enumerator coding up to 3 digits Localization some occupations n n n Importance of the occupations e. g Boda boda Professional jobs Both description and code are entered for post editing

Coding of occupation- ctd n Employment and earning surveys n n n Occupational hierarchy identified common occupations by branch of economic activity e. g for health institutionsurgeons, nurses, midwifery, dentists, lab technologists etc similarly for manufacturing, education etc

Occupation coding in censuses n Office coding n n n coding instruction coders Supervisor

limitation Localization of some occupations n Cost of office coding especially in census n Different languages n unclear and tricky responses n little technical support by ILO n

Recommendations n Countries should come together to harmonise concepts and definitions for international comparability n Like OECD countries, Africa should form a body to spear head labour issues in the ICLS and to help other African countries to improve. n Improve the Metadata of labour statistics

THE WAY TO GO – The Way Of The Ants: Simple Agents, Simple Tasks, Simple Rules “Lower level rules develop high level sophistication”

THEIR THEORY? Better More Is “Minimum threshold levels are red to make intelligent assessments of the global state. ”

THEIR CONTROLS? Indirect – Specialization and Coordination

n Thank you