Nutritional Components of Food Vigyan Ashram INDUSA PTI

Nutritional Components of Food | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | 1

Objectives • Identify and describe the six classes of dietary nutrients. • Describe the differences among the various types of cholesterol. • Identify problems that can occur from inadequate amounts of certain nutrients. | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | 2

Essential Nutrients substances from food that nourish the body • Proteins • Vitamins • Carbohydrates • Minerals • Fats • Water | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | 3

Proteins • These are the basic components of body tissue and they also provide energy. | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | 4

Protein is made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, it is found in all cells. Protein plays a unique role in the growth and repair of body tissue, and they speed up the rate of chemical reactions in the body. All proteins are made up of amino acids: 11 of them can be produced by the body and 9 others must be supplied by food. The 9 that can not be produced by the body are called essential amino acids. | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | 5

There are two types of proteins Complete A protein that contains all 9 essential amino acids. Incomplete A protein that lacks one or more of the essential amino acids. | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | 6

Carbohydrates • A class of nutrients containing simple sugars, glycogen and dietary fiber. • A main source of energy. | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | 7

There are two types of carbohydrates Complex: Are low in fat and rich in vitamins, minerals and fiber. Examples would include: pasta, rice and whole grains. These are a longer lasting energy source. Simple: Low in fat, missing some essential vitamins and mineral and provides you with a short term energy source. | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | 8

Dietary fiber A complex carbohydrate that does not provide energy. It’s commonly called roughage. It helps to move undigested food through the digestive tract, preventing constipation & reducing the risk of certain diseases. corn, rice bran, whole grains, greens and veggies | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | 9

Morning • Eat protein, it will help jump start your brain. • It will keep you going throughout the day. | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | 10

Evening • Carbohydrates will give you the “chill out” or a relaxed feeling. | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | 11

Fats • Fats are energy storage molecules & supply more energy per gram that carbohydrates or proteins | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | 12

Types of Fats There are two types of fats Saturated: Usually solid at room temperature and can be found in most animal fats. They contain single bonds between carbon atoms and the maximum number of bonds of hydrogen atoms. Unsaturated: Liquid at room temperature and contain fewer bonds of hydrogen. These are generally found in plants. | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | 13

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Do We Need Fat in Our Diets? They store energy in a form that can be used when the body needs it. They protect our organs. They insulate our body from the cold. They transport certain vitamins throughout the body. They are an important ingredient of several hormones. | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | 15

Cholesterol A fat like substance that is part of all animal cells and is needed for the production of some hormones and fat digestion. | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | 16

Two Types of cholesterol • HDL(high-density lipoproteins) compounds that remove cholesterol from the blood and transport it back to the liver. • LDL(low-density lipoproteins) compounds that carry cholesterol to the cells for cell processing. | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | 17

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Vitamins Organic substances that assist in the chemical reactions that occur in the body. | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | 19

Fat Soluble Vitamins A: maintains healthy eyes, skin, bones, teeth and keeps the lining of digestive track resistant to infections. D: promotes normal growth. E: prevents the destruction of red blood cells. K: assists with blood clotting. | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | 20

Water Soluble Vitamins B 1: (Thiamine) assists with conversion of carbohydrates to energy. B 2: (Riboflavin) assists with nerve cell function. B 3: (Niacin) maintenance of normal metabolism. B 12: necessary formation of red blood cells and normal cell function. | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | 21

B 6: (Pyridoxine) necessary for normal carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. FOLACIN: necessary for the production of genetic materials. BIOTIN: necessary for metabolism of carbohydrates and other B vitamins. PANTOTHENIC ACID: used to produce some hormones and assists with the release of energy. C(Ascorbic Acid): needed for normal development of connective tissue. | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | 22

Minerals Inorganic substances that are generally absorbed to form structural components of the body. | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | 23

Minerals CALCIUM: necessary for normal growth of bones CHLORINE: maintenance of water balance COPPER: involved in skin color IODINE: production of thyroid hormone IRON: needed for some enzymes MAGNESIUM: needed for chemical reactions | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | 24

MANGANESE: normal function of nerve cells PHOSOHORUS: plays a role in metabolism POTASSIUM: nerve and muscle function SODIUM: water balance & nerve conduction. SULFUR: found in amino acids. ZINC: needed for digestion, respiration, healing and metabolism. | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | 25

Nutrient Deficiencies • Night blindness and impaired growth can result from lack of vitamin A. • Rickets and/or inadequate growth of bones and teeth comes from a lack of vitamin D. • Lack of vitamin E can result in anemia. • Lack of vitamin K can cause slow blood clotting. • Deficient in B 1 can result in muscle weakness & heart problems. • Skin sores can be caused by the lack of vitamin B 2. • Lack of B 3 is a contributing factor of depression. • Skin disorders and hair loss can be from the lack of BIOTIN. | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | 26

Water • Water is an essential component in you diet. • About 2/3 of your body weight is water. | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | 27

Vs. • About 65 to 70% of your body weight is water. • About 55 to 65% of your body weight is water. | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | 28

Functions of H 2 O in the Body *All body functions are chemical reaction and most need water to occur. *Helps maintain acidity at the proper level so the chemical reactions can occur. *Helps transport gases, nutrients and waste throughout the body. *Regulates body temperature. *water is a produce of chemical reaction that help drive your body processes. | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | 29

Dehydration A state which the body has lost more water than has been taken in | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | 30

Dehydration can occur as a result of heavy physical activity or an illness that includes vomiting, diarrhea, fever or a situation that cause you to sweat profusely. This can happen if you are not drinking enough water. | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | 31

Thank you | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | 32