Niredi ukufunda isi Xhosa Youready tolearn Xhosa Ewe

Niredi ukufunda isi. Xhosa? You-ready to-learn Xhosa? Ewe! Yes! Siredi! We-ready!

Evidence of Changing Xhosa (sign in Butterworth – e. Gcuwa)

Grammar interlude – Pronouns (Subject Concords) I We Ndi. Si- You (singular) You (plural) UNi- He/She They U- (high tone) Ba-

-redi bl/rel < Eng: -lungile READY p. 110 Greater Dictionary of Xhosa Vol. 3 (Fort Hare Lexicography Unit)

Zama - #1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. I am ready. __________ Are you ready? _________ They are ready. _________ Are they ready? _________ She is ready. __________ Are we ready? __________

Zama - #1 answers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. I am ready. Ndiredi. Are you ready? Uredi? They are ready. Baredi. Are they ready? Baredi? She is ready. Uredi. Are we ready? Siredi?

-rayithi bj/cop bl/rel < Eng: -chanekile RIGHT [also alright, OK, fine] p. 109 Greater Dictionary of Xhosa Vol. 3 (Fort Hare Lexicography Unit)

Zama - #2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Are you alright? __________ They are right. ___________ Are we OK? _____________ Are you (plural) OK? _________ I am alright. ____________ Are they OK? ___________

Zama - #2 -answers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Are you alright? They are right. Are we OK? Are you (plural) OK? I am alright. Are they OK? Urayithi? Barayithi. Sirayithi? Ndirayithi. Barayithi?

Pronunciation • C – suck spinach from behind top front teeth • Cima iradiyo! Switch off the radio! • Cima i. TV! Switch off the TV!

Ch (aspirated – puff of air) • Uredi ukuchama? Are you ready to pee? • Ndiredi ukuchama. I am ready to pee.

The X click • Tongue touching side teeth – suck over it • Like getting a horse to move on • Ndiyaxolisa. I am sorry. • Siyaxolisa. We are sorry.

Xh (aspirated – puff of air) • Ndiredi ukuthetha isi. Xhosa. I am ready to speak Xhosa. • Siredi ukuxhela. We are ready to slaughter.

The Q click • Tongue pulled off roof of mouth (hard palate) • Like the sound of a champagne cork • Ndiyaqonda. I understand. • Niyaqonda? Do you (plural) understand?

Qh (aspirated – puff of air) • Urayithi ukuqhuba? Are you OK to drive? • Barayithi ukuqhuba. They are OK to drive.

The Rh consonant • As for Afrikaans “Gaan” • Ugqirha uthi ndirayithi. The doctor says I am OK.

The Hl consonant • As for Welsh “Ll” (Notice to all residents. ) • Hlala phantsi. Sit down.

Pronounce 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Qhuba! Drive! Carry on! Cinga! Think! Xela! Tell! Xhela! Slaughter! Rholihlala Mandela Xolani Quwa

Some useful Xhosa adjectives (apart from –redi and –rayithi) • • -seriyas -rongo -swit -fresh serious wrong sweet fresh

Some more useful Xhosa adjectives • -lula easy • -nzima difficult • -mnandi nice • -shushu hot

Some more useful pronouns • i. Eg. Ipassword irayithi. it (any THING) The password (it) is right. • zi. Eg. Iinamba zirongo. they (any THINGS) The numbers (they) are wrong.

An extremely useful pronoun – KU • Ku- Indefinite IT (eg. It is nice, It is hot, It is easy, It is difficult) Yhu! Kushushu! Wow! It is hot! Yhu! Kumnandi! Wow! It is nice! Yhu! Kunzima! Wow! It is difficult! Yhu! Kuseriyas! Wow! It is serious!

Zama - #3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. We are serious. It is easy. (indefinite “it”) They are sweet. (people) They are sweet. (things) You (plural) are fresh. You (singular) are serious. I am serious.

Zama - #3 - answers 1. We are serious. 2. It is easy. 3. They are sweet. (people) 4. They are sweet. (things) 5. You (plural) are fresh. 6. You (singular) are serious. 7. I am serious. Siseriyas. Kulula. Baswit. Ziswit. Nifresh. Useriyas. Ndiseriyas.

Zama #4 – Buza! Ask! 1. Are you serious? 2. Is it hot? (both indefinite and referring to a thing) 3. Is it difficult? (indefinite) 4. Is the braai ready? 5. Is the password wrong? 6. Is the number right? 7. Is she sweet?

Zama #4 – Answers 1. Are you serious? Useriyas? 2. Is it hot? (both indefinite and referring to a thing) Kushushu? Ishushu? 3. Is it difficult? (indefinite) Kunzima? 4. Is (it) the braai ready? Ibraai iredi? 5. Is (it) the password wrong? Ipassword irongo? 6. Is (it) the number right? Inamba irayithi? 7. Is she sweet? Uswit?

Making a negative • Ndi- Andi-+kho + adjective • Eg. Ndiredi. I am ready. Andikho redi. I am not ready. • Si- Asikho seriyas. We are not serious. • Ni- Anikho redi? Are you (plural) not ready? • Ba- Abakho rayithi. They are not OK. • Ku- Akukho lula. It is not easy.

Zama #5 – Change into negative 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Kumnandi. It is nice. ________ Bafresh. They are fresh. _______ Ndirayithi. I am OK. _________ Siredi. We are ready. _________ Kunzima. It is difficult. ________ Ziswit. They are sweet. ________ Nirongo. You are wrong. ________

Zama #5 – Change into negative answers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Kumnandi. It is nice. Akukho mnandi. It is not nice. Bafresh. They are fresh. Abakho fresh. They are not fresh. Ndirayithi. I am OK. Andikho rayithi. I am not OK. Siredi. We are ready. Asikho redi. We are not ready. Kunzima. It is difficult. Akukho nzima. It is not difficult. Ziswit. They are sweet. Azikho swit. They are not sweet. Nirongo. You are wrong. Anikho rongo. You are not wrong.

Making a negative with vowels • U- (you) Awu-+kho + adjective • Eg. Urayithi. You are right. Awukho rayithi. You are not right. • U- (s/he) AKAkho Akakho seriyas. He is not • I- AYIkho Ayikho redi? Is it not ready? serious.

Zama #6 – Change into negative 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Iti imnandi. The tea is nice. __________ UJim urayithi. Jim is right. _________ Wena uredi. You, you are ready. ________ I-English inzima. English is difficult. _______ Uswit. She is sweet. ____________ Inamba irongo. The number is wrong. ______

Zama #6 – Change into negative answers 1. 2. 3. 4. Iti imnandi. The tea is nice. Iti ayikho mnandi. UJim urayithi. Jim is right. UJim akakho rayithi. Wena uredi. You, you are ready. Wena awukho redi. I-English inzima. English is difficult. I-English ayikho nzima. 5. Uswit. She is sweet. Akakho swit. 6. Inamba irongo. The number is wrong. Inamba ayikho rongo. The number is not wrong.

Injani iti? How is the tea? Imnandi!

Unjani u. Jim? How is Jim? Shem, akakho rayithi. Shame, he is not OK.

Future tense with adjectives Pronoun –ZOBA + adjective • Ndirayithi. I am OK. Ndizoba rayithi. I will be OK. • Kushushu. It is hot. Kuzoba sushu. It will be hot. • Kunzima. It is difficult. Kuzoba nzima. It will be difficult.

Zama #7 – Change into future 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Iti imnandi. __________ UJim urayithi. _________ Wena uredi? _________ Siseriyas. ___________ Bafresh. ___________

Zama #7 – answers - iimpendulo 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Iti imnandi. Iti izoba mnandi. UJim urayithi. UJim uzoba rayithi. Wena uredi? Wena uzoba redi? Siseriyas. Sizoba seriyas. Bafresh. Bazoba fresh.

Past tense with adjectives Prefix be- + adjective • Ndirayithi. I am OK. Bendirayithi. I was OK. • Kushushu. It is hot. Bekusushu. It was hot. • Kunzima. It is difficult. Bekunzima. It was difficult.

Zama #8 – Change into past 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Kumnandi. __________ Sirayithi. ___________ Niseriyas. ___________ Kulula. ____________ Ndiredi. ____________

Zama #8 – Change into past – answers - iimpendulo • • • Kumnandi. Bekumnandi. Sirayithi. Besirayithi. Niseriyas. Beniseriyas. Kulula. Bekulula. Ndiredi. Bendiredi.

Xhosa verbs – without pronouns are commands! • • Thatha! Take! Hamba! Go! Vula! Open! Bamba! Hold/Catch/Touch! Shopisha! Shop! Treyina! Train! Fowuna! Phone!

Verbs with pronouns make sentences • Ndithatha i. CD. I am taking a CD. • Ubamba ibhola. She is catching the ball. • Bavula ishop. They are opening the shop.

Future and Past 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Ndizothatha. I will take. Bendithatha. I was taking. Sizohamba. We will go. Besihamba. We were going. Nizovula. You will open. Benivula. You were opening. Ndizotreyina. I will train. Benditreyina. I was training.

Xhosa nouns - THINGS • • ishop ividiyo i. CD ipinabatha isirinji ifowuni ibhedi inantsika (thingy)

Xhosa nouns - PEOPLE • • umama utata usisi ubhuti u. Naledi u. Ann unantsika (Thingy-me-bob)

Zama #9 – Translate 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Take the CD! I was opening the shop. Take the peanut butter! We will take the peanut butter. Will you take the phone? Take the phone!

Zama #9 – Answers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Thatha i. CD! Bendivula ishop. Thatha ipinabatha! Sizothatha ipinabatha. Uzothatha ifowuni? Thatha ifowuni!