METALLIC STRUCTURAL MATERIALS Nonferrous Metals and Alloys Prominent

METALLIC STRUCTURAL MATERIALS Nonferrous Metals and Alloys

Prominent Features of Nonferrous Metals • • • Characteristic colour Low melting temperature Low hardness High plasticity Absence of polymorphic transformations

Classification of Nonferrous Metals 1. Light: Al, Mg, Be, [ Ti ] 2. Low-melting: Sn, Pb, Zn, Bi 3. Noble: Au, Ag, Pt, [ Cu ] 4. Refractory: W, V, Nb, Zr, Ti

Russian platinum coins of XIX century

Aluminium Alloys W – wrought alloys, C – cast alloys, NS – alloys not strengthened by heat treatment, S – alloys strengthened by heat treatment

Phase Diagram Al – Cu The eutectic consists of two phases: E = α + Cu. Al 2.

Microstructure of Duralumin Annealing 60 HB Quenching 75 HB Ageing 140 HB

Structural and Property Change in Duralumin in the process of Ageing t, °C Structural Change ≤ 100 -150 Guinier. Preston zones (ZGP 1) Long-term artificial ageing 100 -150 Guinier. Preston zones (ZGP 2) Artificial ageing 150 -200 Phase θ Artificial ageing 200 -250 Phase θ Type of Ageing Natural and low-temperature artificial ageing Property Change ↑ σт; σт/σв≤ 0, 7; ↑ δ, KCU, corrosion resistance σт/σв до 0, 95; ↓δ, KCU, corrosion resistance

Microstructure of high-strength aluminium alloy: Структура сплава на основе strengthening by disperse particles , where R is distance between particles алюминия:

Aluminium is an air-craft alloy (unit strength of its alloys is more than 20)

Titanium Alloys Alloying elements form solid solutions (а) or eutectoid mixes (b) with titanium a b

Phase diagram Ti – Al L L L

Microstructure of titanium alloy ВТ 6 after quenching (titanium martensite)

Microstructure of titanium alloy ВТ 15 after quenching and ageing

Native Copper

Copper is one of the most plastic metals. Slip lines on a polished copper surface

Rolled copper wire is the most important material for electrical industry

Phase Diagram Copper–Zinc L

Strength and plasticity of brass depending on zinc content

Brass articles made by cold sheet metal stamping

Phase Diagram Copper–Tin

Bronzes properties depending on tin content

Microstructures of bronzes

Specific characteristics of metallic materials Материал Material Марка Grade (Russian) МПа σσTВ, , MPa /(ρ·g), км σTВ/(ρ·g), km Magnesium Сплав магния alloy МА 10 430 21 21 2, 3 700 23 2, 4 1500 30 2, 6 03 Н 18 К 9 М 5 Т 2000 27 Бериллий 680 37 Beryllium 680 37 Сплав алюминия Aluminium alloy Сплав титана Titanium alloy Сталь Steel В 96 ВТ 15 700 1500 23 30 EE/(ρ·g)· 10 -3, -3 км , km 2, 3 2, 4 2, 6 16, 1