Metals and their uses Pure Metals Alloys a
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Metals and their uses
Pure Metals Alloys (a mixture of two or more materials) Iron Brass ( Copper & Zinc) Copper Steel (Iron & Carbon) Aluminium Cast Iron (Iron & Carbon) Lead Duralium (Aluminium & Copper) Zinc Bronze (Copper, Tin, Phosphorus) Tin High Speed Steel (Tungsten, Gold Chromium, Carbon, Vanadium & Molybdenum)
These metals can be further subdivided Ferrous Metals Non Ferrous Metals (Containing Iron) (Containing No Iron) Iron Steel Cast Iron HSS Copper Aluminium Lead Zinc Tin Gold Brass Duralium Bronze
Cast Iron Cast iron is commonly used for vices, lathe beds and for cooking pots. Advantages: Hard Disadvantages: Very brittle
Steel and its uses Steel is the most commonly used metal and is used in everything from Sewing needles to Skyscrapers HMS Ark Royal Advantages: Low cost, high strength and easy to work Disadvantages: Rusts
Steel Rod Bar Sheet (Flat & Square) Steel is also available in Tube, Hex bar, Angle Iron, and Girders
Aluminium and its uses Advantages: Disadvantages: Lightweight and strong, malleable, ductile, does not corrode, low melting point (660 C) Higher cost than steel, harder to weld
Aluminium Extrusion Bar (rectangular and square) Ingots Rod Sheet
Copper and its uses The discovery of alloying copper and tin to make bronze (the first ever alloy) was a major step forward because bronze is harder, tougher and stronger than copper. Disadvantages: High Cost & Rather soft Advantages: Malleable, Ductile, Good Conductor of heat & electricity, Does not corrode to any great extent
Copper Bar (rectangular and square) Rod Sheet
Lead and its uses Lead is often used in batteries, radiation shields around x-ray equipment and nuclear reactors. Advantages: Malleable, easy to work and does not corrode much Disadvantages: Heavy and soft Roofing Materials Stain Glass Windows
Brass and its uses Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc and is used extensively in the production of maritime fixtures and fittings (screws, hinges etc) Advantages: Hard Polishes well Disadvantages: High Cost Brittle if cold worked
Glossary of Terms Malleable: Can be hammered or rolled without cracking. Very few metals have good malleability when cold, but most are malleable when heated to a suitable temperature. Ductile: A ductile material is one which can easily be drawn out into thin wire. Brittle: A Brittle material may resist a steady force but fail easily when subject to a sharp blow. Hardness: Hardness is defined as a resistance to indentation or scratching. Toughness: Tough materials resist fracture by blows.
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