Chapter 6 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys Nonferrous Metals
![Chapter 6 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys Chapter 6 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/baf051b3eb1e6bd3353f99f9eb03b5cd/image-1.jpg)
![Nonferrous Metals and Alloys • • • Alloys containing no iron Usually more expensive Nonferrous Metals and Alloys • • • Alloys containing no iron Usually more expensive](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/baf051b3eb1e6bd3353f99f9eb03b5cd/image-2.jpg)
![Aluminum and Al Alloys • • • Most abundant metallic element in the earth’s Aluminum and Al Alloys • • • Most abundant metallic element in the earth’s](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/baf051b3eb1e6bd3353f99f9eb03b5cd/image-3.jpg)
![Magnesium and Mg Alloys • • Third most abundant metallic element in the earth Magnesium and Mg Alloys • • Third most abundant metallic element in the earth](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/baf051b3eb1e6bd3353f99f9eb03b5cd/image-4.jpg)
![Magnesium Alloys (Cont. ) • High strength to weight ratio (alloyed with other elements) Magnesium Alloys (Cont. ) • High strength to weight ratio (alloyed with other elements)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/baf051b3eb1e6bd3353f99f9eb03b5cd/image-5.jpg)
![Copper and Cu Alloys • • Best conductor of electricity and heat, good corrosion Copper and Cu Alloys • • Best conductor of electricity and heat, good corrosion](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/baf051b3eb1e6bd3353f99f9eb03b5cd/image-6.jpg)
![Superalloys • • • Strong, high corrosion and heat resistance, resistant to fatigue and Superalloys • • • Strong, high corrosion and heat resistance, resistant to fatigue and](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/baf051b3eb1e6bd3353f99f9eb03b5cd/image-7.jpg)
![Titanium and Ti Alloys • • Expensive High strength to weight ratio, corrosion resistant Titanium and Ti Alloys • • Expensive High strength to weight ratio, corrosion resistant](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/baf051b3eb1e6bd3353f99f9eb03b5cd/image-8.jpg)
![Refractory Metals and Alloys • High melting point, maintain strengths at elevated temperatures (2000 Refractory Metals and Alloys • High melting point, maintain strengths at elevated temperatures (2000](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/baf051b3eb1e6bd3353f99f9eb03b5cd/image-9.jpg)
![Refractory Metals and Alloys Tungsten (cont’d) • Tungsten (W) • • Highest melting point Refractory Metals and Alloys Tungsten (cont’d) • Tungsten (W) • • Highest melting point](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/baf051b3eb1e6bd3353f99f9eb03b5cd/image-10.jpg)
![Other Nonferrous Metals and Alloys • Beryllium • • High strength-to-weight ratio Low neutron Other Nonferrous Metals and Alloys • Beryllium • • High strength-to-weight ratio Low neutron](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/baf051b3eb1e6bd3353f99f9eb03b5cd/image-11.jpg)
![Low-melting Alloys • Lead (Pb) • • High density and ductility. Soft, corrosion resistant. Low-melting Alloys • Lead (Pb) • • High density and ductility. Soft, corrosion resistant.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/baf051b3eb1e6bd3353f99f9eb03b5cd/image-12.jpg)
![Low-melting Alloys (Cont. ) • Zinc (Zn) • • Fourth most utilized metal. Galvanizing. Low-melting Alloys (Cont. ) • Zinc (Zn) • • Fourth most utilized metal. Galvanizing.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/baf051b3eb1e6bd3353f99f9eb03b5cd/image-13.jpg)
![Precious Metals • Costly, soft, and ductile, used for electrical contacts and terminals, as Precious Metals • Costly, soft, and ductile, used for electrical contacts and terminals, as](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/baf051b3eb1e6bd3353f99f9eb03b5cd/image-14.jpg)
![Shape-memory Alloys • After plastically deformed at room temperature, can return to original shape Shape-memory Alloys • After plastically deformed at room temperature, can return to original shape](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/baf051b3eb1e6bd3353f99f9eb03b5cd/image-15.jpg)
![Amorphous Alloys • No long-range crystalline structure (no grain boundaries), atoms randomly packed. • Amorphous Alloys • No long-range crystalline structure (no grain boundaries), atoms randomly packed. •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/baf051b3eb1e6bd3353f99f9eb03b5cd/image-16.jpg)
- Slides: 16
![Chapter 6 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys Chapter 6 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/baf051b3eb1e6bd3353f99f9eb03b5cd/image-1.jpg)
Chapter 6 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys
![Nonferrous Metals and Alloys Alloys containing no iron Usually more expensive Nonferrous Metals and Alloys • • • Alloys containing no iron Usually more expensive](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/baf051b3eb1e6bd3353f99f9eb03b5cd/image-2.jpg)
Nonferrous Metals and Alloys • • • Alloys containing no iron Usually more expensive than ferrous metals Have wide range of applications.
![Aluminum and Al Alloys Most abundant metallic element in the earths Aluminum and Al Alloys • • • Most abundant metallic element in the earth’s](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/baf051b3eb1e6bd3353f99f9eb03b5cd/image-3.jpg)
Aluminum and Al Alloys • • • Most abundant metallic element in the earth’s crust (8%), second to iron in production. Nonmagnetic, good corrosion resistance. High thermal and electrical conductivity. High strength to weight ratio. Easy to form (containers and packaging, aircraft and aerospace applications, marine craft, electrical components, etc. ). Commercially pure aluminum (99. 5 - 99. 7%).
![Magnesium and Mg Alloys Third most abundant metallic element in the earth Magnesium and Mg Alloys • • Third most abundant metallic element in the earth](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/baf051b3eb1e6bd3353f99f9eb03b5cd/image-4.jpg)
Magnesium and Mg Alloys • • Third most abundant metallic element in the earth s crust (2%). Come from sea water - obtained electrolytically or by thermal reduction. Lightest engineering metal available. Good vibration dampening characteristics.
![Magnesium Alloys Cont High strength to weight ratio alloyed with other elements Magnesium Alloys (Cont. ) • High strength to weight ratio (alloyed with other elements)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/baf051b3eb1e6bd3353f99f9eb03b5cd/image-5.jpg)
Magnesium Alloys (Cont. ) • High strength to weight ratio (alloyed with other elements) • Used for aircraft and missile components, material handling equipment, lightweight components. • Oxidizes rapidly (pyrophoric) precautions should be taken when machining, grinding, etc.
![Copper and Cu Alloys Best conductor of electricity and heat good corrosion Copper and Cu Alloys • • Best conductor of electricity and heat, good corrosion](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/baf051b3eb1e6bd3353f99f9eb03b5cd/image-6.jpg)
Copper and Cu Alloys • • Best conductor of electricity and heat, good corrosion resistance Non-magnetic Used for electrical components, springs, cooking utensils. Brass and Bronze are the two most common alloys of copper (zinc-Zn and tin-Si).
![Superalloys Strong high corrosion and heat resistance resistant to fatigue and Superalloys • • • Strong, high corrosion and heat resistance, resistant to fatigue and](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/baf051b3eb1e6bd3353f99f9eb03b5cd/image-7.jpg)
Superalloys • • • Strong, high corrosion and heat resistance, resistant to fatigue and creep Used in high temperature applications (jet engines, turbines, nuclear industry). Nickel (Ni)-based Alloys • • • most common. magnetic (used for electromagnetic applications). Others include Cobalt (Co)-based alloys, Iron (Fe)-based alloys
![Titanium and Ti Alloys Expensive High strength to weight ratio corrosion resistant Titanium and Ti Alloys • • Expensive High strength to weight ratio, corrosion resistant](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/baf051b3eb1e6bd3353f99f9eb03b5cd/image-8.jpg)
Titanium and Ti Alloys • • Expensive High strength to weight ratio, corrosion resistant at high temperatures. Surface contamination from hydrogen, oxygen, or nitrogen cause em-brittlement, reducing toughness, and ductility. Submarine hulls, marine components, jetengine components, orthopedic implants
![Refractory Metals and Alloys High melting point maintain strengths at elevated temperatures 2000 Refractory Metals and Alloys • High melting point, maintain strengths at elevated temperatures (2000](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/baf051b3eb1e6bd3353f99f9eb03b5cd/image-9.jpg)
Refractory Metals and Alloys • High melting point, maintain strengths at elevated temperatures (2000 - 4000 °F). • Molybdenum (Mo) • • • most plentiful of refractory metals. Disadv. Low resistance to oxidation above 950 °F Niobium (Nb) • • also Columbium. Good oxidation resistance
![Refractory Metals and Alloys Tungsten contd Tungsten W Highest melting point Refractory Metals and Alloys Tungsten (cont’d) • Tungsten (W) • • Highest melting point](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/baf051b3eb1e6bd3353f99f9eb03b5cd/image-10.jpg)
Refractory Metals and Alloys Tungsten (cont’d) • Tungsten (W) • • Highest melting point of any metal– 6170 °F Poor resistance to oxidation Light bulb filaments, spark plugs, welders Tantalum (Ta) • • • High melting point - 5425 °F Good ductility and resistance to corrosion Capacitors, furnaces, heat exchangers
![Other Nonferrous Metals and Alloys Beryllium High strengthtoweight ratio Low neutron Other Nonferrous Metals and Alloys • Beryllium • • High strength-to-weight ratio Low neutron](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/baf051b3eb1e6bd3353f99f9eb03b5cd/image-11.jpg)
Other Nonferrous Metals and Alloys • Beryllium • • High strength-to-weight ratio Low neutron absorption Toxic. Zirconium • • Good strength and ductility at elevated temperatures Low neutron absorption.
![Lowmelting Alloys Lead Pb High density and ductility Soft corrosion resistant Low-melting Alloys • Lead (Pb) • • High density and ductility. Soft, corrosion resistant.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/baf051b3eb1e6bd3353f99f9eb03b5cd/image-12.jpg)
Low-melting Alloys • Lead (Pb) • • High density and ductility. Soft, corrosion resistant. Toxic. Used for piping, cable sheathing, radiation shielding.
![Lowmelting Alloys Cont Zinc Zn Fourth most utilized metal Galvanizing Low-melting Alloys (Cont. ) • Zinc (Zn) • • Fourth most utilized metal. Galvanizing.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/baf051b3eb1e6bd3353f99f9eb03b5cd/image-13.jpg)
Low-melting Alloys (Cont. ) • Zinc (Zn) • • Fourth most utilized metal. Galvanizing. Is an alloy base for casting. Tin (Sn) • Soldering materials, containers, protective coatings.
![Precious Metals Costly soft and ductile used for electrical contacts and terminals as Precious Metals • Costly, soft, and ductile, used for electrical contacts and terminals, as](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/baf051b3eb1e6bd3353f99f9eb03b5cd/image-14.jpg)
Precious Metals • Costly, soft, and ductile, used for electrical contacts and terminals, as well as for jewelry, dental, and decorative purposes. • Gold, Silver, Platinum
![Shapememory Alloys After plastically deformed at room temperature can return to original shape Shape-memory Alloys • After plastically deformed at room temperature, can return to original shape](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/baf051b3eb1e6bd3353f99f9eb03b5cd/image-15.jpg)
Shape-memory Alloys • After plastically deformed at room temperature, can return to original shape when heated. • e. g. 55% Ni, 45% Ti. • Thermostats, valves, electrical components
![Amorphous Alloys No longrange crystalline structure no grain boundaries atoms randomly packed Amorphous Alloys • No long-range crystalline structure (no grain boundaries), atoms randomly packed. •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/baf051b3eb1e6bd3353f99f9eb03b5cd/image-16.jpg)
Amorphous Alloys • No long-range crystalline structure (no grain boundaries), atoms randomly packed. • • Also called Metallic Glasses. Contain iron, nickel, and chromium (usually alloyed with carbon, phosphorus, boron, aluminum, and silicon).
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Application and processing of metal alloys
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