Mechanische trillingen LES 4 TRILLINGSOPNEMERS Patrick Guillaume Email

The Measurement Chain 2 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group

Displacement, Velocity or Acceleration? 3 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research

Conversion from Displacement to Acceleration 4 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration

Conversion from Acceleration to Displacement 5 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration

Vibration Parameters 6 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije

Units of Vibration Signals 7 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research

Early Methods of Vibration “Measurements” 8 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration

Classification of Motion Transducers Absolute or relative transducers Active (self-generating) or passive transducers 9

Piezo-electric Accelerometer 10 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije

Types of Accelerometers 11 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group

Mass-Spring Transducers (Seismic) 12 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group

Mass-Spring Transducers (Seismic) 13 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group

Mass-Spring Transducers (Seismic) 14 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group

Mass-Spring Transducers (Seismic) 15 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group

Sensitivity and Frequency Range 16 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research

Useful Frequency Range 17 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group

Special Accelerometers 18 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije

Choosing an Accelerometer 19 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group

Properties Linearity Dynamic range Output Useful Range Acceleration Effect of temperature 20 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN,

Transverse Sensitivity 21 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije

The “Mass Loading” Effect 22 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research

The “Mass Loading” Effect MDOF – – Geen invloed in een knooppunt van een

Environmental Effects 24 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije

Avoiding Errors due to Sensor Resonance 25 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics &

Choosing the Mounting Position 26 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research

Acceleration Mounting - Fixed 27 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research

Acceleration Mounting - Handheld 28 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research

The Calibration Chart 29 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group

Handle the Accelerometer Carefully 30 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research

Calibration In the field – Sensitivity check – Total system check 31 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN,

Calibration In the lab (e. g. , the “Back-to-Back” method) – Frequency response measurement

Choice of Preamplifier 33 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group

Preamplifier 34 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit

Influence of Cables Lange kabels CKABEL stijgt ZL daalt 35 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4,

Preamplifiers On and Inside Accelerometers 36 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration

ICP / Charge Mode 37 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research

Typical ICP Sensing System 38 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research

Single-ended or Floating Input 39 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research

Floating Mode E. g. , Common Mode Rejection Ratio of 60 d. B =

Single-ended Mode Common Mode Rejection Ratio of 0 d. B = 1 41 MECHANISCHE

Ground Loop Problem and Solution 42 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration

Piezoresistieve accelerometer Brug van Wheatstone 43 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration

Capacitieve accelerometer 44 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije

Velocity Pickup 45 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije

Eddy Current Proximity Probes 46 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research

Eddy Current 47 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije

Calibration Curve Mechanical run-out Electrical run-out Cross-coupling 48 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics

Operational Range of Vibration Transducers 49 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration

Absolute verplaatsingsopnemers (assen) Contactsonde Gecombineerde sonde 50 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics &

Choosing the Transducer 51 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group

Scanning Laser Vibrometer 52 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group

Scanning Laser Vibrometer 53 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group

Laser Vibrometry 54 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije

Laser Vibrometry 55 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije

Slides: 55

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Mechanische trillingen LES 4 – TRILLINGSOPNEMERS Patrick Guillaume E-mail: patrick. guillaume@vub. ac. be Tel. : 02/6293566 Faculty of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering ACOUSTICS & VIBRATION RESEARCH GROUP Pleinlaan 2 • B-1050 Brussel • Belgium avrg@vub. ac. be • http: //avrg. vub. ac. be 1 11/21/2020 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005

The Measurement Chain 2 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Displacement, Velocity or Acceleration? 3 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Conversion from Displacement to Acceleration 4 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Conversion from Acceleration to Displacement 5 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Vibration Parameters 6 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Units of Vibration Signals 7 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Early Methods of Vibration “Measurements” 8 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Classification of Motion Transducers Absolute or relative transducers Active (self-generating) or passive transducers 9 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Piezo-electric Accelerometer 10 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Types of Accelerometers 11 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Mass-Spring Transducers (Seismic) 12 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Mass-Spring Transducers (Seismic) 13 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Mass-Spring Transducers (Seismic) 14 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Mass-Spring Transducers (Seismic) 15 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Sensitivity and Frequency Range 16 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Useful Frequency Range 17 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Special Accelerometers 18 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Choosing an Accelerometer 19 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Properties Linearity Dynamic range Output Useful Range Acceleration Effect of temperature 20 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Transverse Sensitivity 21 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

The “Mass Loading” Effect 22 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

The “Mass Loading” Effect MDOF – – Geen invloed in een knooppunt van een trillingsmode Grootste invloed in de buikpunten van een trillingsmode 23 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Environmental Effects 24 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Avoiding Errors due to Sensor Resonance 25 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Choosing the Mounting Position 26 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Acceleration Mounting - Fixed 27 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Acceleration Mounting - Handheld 28 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

The Calibration Chart 29 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Handle the Accelerometer Carefully 30 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Calibration In the field – Sensitivity check – Total system check 31 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Calibration In the lab (e. g. , the “Back-to-Back” method) – Frequency response measurement 32 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Choice of Preamplifier 33 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Preamplifier 34 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Influence of Cables Lange kabels CKABEL stijgt ZL daalt 35 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Preamplifiers On and Inside Accelerometers 36 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

ICP / Charge Mode 37 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Typical ICP Sensing System 38 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Single-ended or Floating Input 39 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Floating Mode E. g. , Common Mode Rejection Ratio of 60 d. B = 0. 001 40 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Single-ended Mode Common Mode Rejection Ratio of 0 d. B = 1 41 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Ground Loop Problem and Solution 42 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Piezoresistieve accelerometer Brug van Wheatstone 43 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Capacitieve accelerometer 44 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Velocity Pickup 45 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Eddy Current Proximity Probes 46 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Eddy Current 47 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Calibration Curve Mechanical run-out Electrical run-out Cross-coupling 48 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Operational Range of Vibration Transducers 49 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Absolute verplaatsingsopnemers (assen) Contactsonde Gecombineerde sonde 50 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Choosing the Transducer 51 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Scanning Laser Vibrometer 52 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Scanning Laser Vibrometer 53 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Laser Vibrometry 54 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Laser Vibrometry 55 MECHANISCHE TRILLINGEN, LES 4, 2005 Acoustics & Vibration Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel