measurement standard etalon national measurement standard international measurement
- Slides: 86
标准的相关术语 [测量]标准 [计量]基准、标准 国家[测量]标准 国家[计量]基准 measurement standard, etalon national measurement standard 国际[测量]标准 国际[计量]基准 international measurement standard 基准、原级标准 primary standard 次级标准 secondary standard 参考标准 reference standard 作标准 working standard 传递标准 transfer standard
参考文献 《计量测试技术手册 第 7卷 电磁学》 《计量测试技术手册》编辑委员会编著 中国计量出版社,1996年 12月第 1版。 Measurement and Characterization of Magnetic Materials, Chapter 5 by Fausto Fiorillo ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS, 2004
自由进动谱 • 磁矩绕 B 0 进动 迅速撤掉 r. f. 信号 Bpolarization >> B 0 Receiverr. f. Bpolarization B 0
磁场标准-12 1. 磁场基、标准 1. 2. 磁场基、标准的建立:装置 弱磁场标准: 10 n. T ~ 1. 0 m. T 计算法:Helmholtz线圈 中国 3(. 65)米线圈系统 地磁场补偿系统 质子自由进动式磁强计:(质子)自由进动法 CODATA 2006:f P 1=42. 576 388 109 MHz T 1 B f 0(Hz) 1 n. T 1 T 0. 042576388 42. 576388 1 m. T 1 T 10 T 42. 576388 k 42. 576388 M 425. 76388 M e= 1. 760 859 770(44) 1011 s 1 T 1 fe=28. 024 953 649 GHz T 1
Hall效应磁场传感器 磁电效应-2 Hall效应:E. H. Hall,1879年 E. H. Hall, Amer. J. Math. , 2 (1879), 287 d B 0 b UHall Ix z L y x
Hall系数 • 载流子浓度 n 的典型值 半导体本征载流子 Si 1. 45 1010 /cm 3 Ge 2. 4 1013 /cm 3 Ga. As 1. 79 106 /cm 3 CODATA 2006: e=1. 602 176 487(40) 10 19 C ~ 1. 0 1016 /cm 3 Ga. As本征半导体 d= 1. 0 mm Ix= 1. 0 m. A
关于Hall效应的术语 磁电效应-3 Hall效应:E. H. Hall,1879年 Hall效应 Hall effect 反Hall效应 inverse Hall effect 反常Hall效应 anomalous Hall effect 分数量子Hall效应 fractional quantum Hall effect 整数量子Hall效应 integer quantum Hall effect von Klitzing常数: RK= 25 812. 807 (1 0. 2 106)
张衡一号卫星 China seismo-electromagnetic satellite 2018年 2月2日 Science China Technological Sciences Volume 61, Number 5, May 2018
GNSS RO FGM CDSM HPM EFD PAP HEPP LAP HPM SCM
张衡一号卫星HPM技术指标 Frequency: better than − 3 d. B (DC– 15 Hz); Linearity: 0. 008%; Range: ± 65000 n. T; Resolution: 0. 15 n. T; Noise: better than 50 p. T/Hz-1/2@1 Hz; Stability: better than 0. 5 n. T/h. 引自:SCIENCE CHINA Technological Sciences 61 (5), 659~668 (2018 ); doi: 10. 1007/s 11431 -018 -9247 -6
4. 2. 超导量子干涉器件 SQUID-4 DC SQUID 与 RF SQUID DC SQUID双结,直流 B RF SQUID 单结,射频 B
SQUID的应用:磁通计 SQUID-5 Scanning SQUID Microscopy (SSM) Floppy disk Strength YBCO Magnetic Field Quanztied Field
SQUID的应用:磁通计 SQUID-6 MPMS:magnetic property measurement system 详见电磁感应原理部分 DC SQUID 超导量子磁强计 SQUID Magnetometer RF SQUID MPMS(RF) 磁通变换器
4. 磁场测量的几个实例 4. 5. 原子磁强计 Atomic Magnetometer 基本原理:Zeeman效应 Ø 磁共振(resonant absorption) Ø 光泵浦(optically pumped) Ø 偏振状态(polarization)
4. 5. 光泵浦磁强计 光泵浦-1 1、起源:磁共振方法的磁场测量范围 纯净水: P= 2. 675 153 362(73) 108 s 1 T 1 f P 1=42. 576 388 MHz T 1 f P 1=42. 576 388 Hz T 1 自由电子: e= 1. 760 859 770(44) 1011 s 1 T 1 fe=28. 024 953 649 GHz T 1 fe=28. 024 953 649 k. Hz T 1
4. 5. 光泵浦磁强计 光泵浦-3 2、方案-1:流动水磁强计 Christopher Sherman, 1959 High-precision measurement of the average value of a magnetic field over an extended path in space Review of Scientific Instruments, 30 (7) (1959) 568 -575. 非(磁)极化!
4. 5. 光泵浦磁强计 光泵浦-4 2、方案-1:流动水磁强计 C. G. Kim, K. S. Ryu, B. C. Woo, and C. S. Kim, 1993 Low magnetic field measurement by NMR using polarized flowing water IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 29 (6) (1993) 3198 -3200. (磁)极化!
4. 5. 光泵浦磁强计 光泵浦-5 2、方案-1:流动水磁强计 J. M. Pendlebury, K. smith, P. Unsworth, G. L. Greene, W. Mampe Precision field averaging NMR magnetometer for low and high fields, using flowing water Review of Scientific Instruments, 50 (5) (1979) 535 -540.
光泵浦-6 4. 5. 光泵浦磁强计 2、方案-2:Overhauser磁强计 A. Overhauser, 1953 Polarization of nuclei in metals Physical Review, 92 (2) (1953) 411 -415. 开山之作 扛鼎之作 H. G. Beljers, L. van der Kint, J. S. van Wieringen, 1954 Overhauser effect in a free radical Physical Review, 95 (6) (1954) 1683. I. Solomon, 1955 Relaxation processes in a system of two spins Physical Review, 99 (2) (1955) 559 -565.
4. 5. 光泵浦磁强计 光泵浦-7 2、方案-2:Overhauser磁强计 T. R. Carver, C. P. Slichter, 1956 Experimental verification of the Overhauser nuclear polarization effect Physical Review, 102 (4) (1956) 975 -980. 超精细相互作用 ~ 660 (hyperfine interaction) (核磁矩)偶极相互作用 (dipole interaction)
4. 5. 光泵浦磁强计 光泵浦-9 2、方案-3:ESR磁强计 Francis Hartmann, 1972 Resonance magnetometers IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 8 (1) (1972) 66 -75. 综述 D. Duret, M. Moussavi, M. Beranger, 1991 例子 Use of high performance elecron spin resonance materials for the design of scalar and vectorial magnetometers IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 27 (6) (1991) 5405 -5407. hexafluorophosphate fluoranthenyl radical (FA)2 PF 6 六氟磷酸 丙[二]烯合茀基 绝对测量:? 自由电子
4. 5. 光泵浦磁强计 2、方案-3:ESR磁强计 光泵浦-10 自由原子 光泵浦磁强计的开始 H. G. Dehmelt, 1957 Slow spin relaxation of optically polarized sodium atoms Physical Review, 105 (5) (1957) 1487 -1489. H. G. Dehmelt, 1957 Modulation of a light beam by precessing absorbing atoms Physical Review, 105 (6) (1957) 1924 -1925.
4. 5. 光泵浦磁强计 光泵浦-11 2、方案-4:原子磁强计 W. E. Bell, A. L. Bloom, 1957 Optical detection of magnetic resonance in alkali metal vapor Physical Review, 107 (6) (1957) 1559 -1565. probe Na @ Ar pump 蒸气磁强计 原子磁强计 光泵浦磁强计 磁共振磁强计
光泵浦-12 4. 5. 光泵浦磁强计 2、方案-4:原子磁强计 F. D. Colegrove, P. A. Franken, 1960 Optical pumping of helium in the 3 S 1 metastable state Physical Review, 119 (2) (1960) 680 -690. r. f. 3 S 1 He 4 @ He 4 pump 0
光泵浦-15 4. 5. 光泵浦磁强计 3、原理与检测方法 全光学模式 J. M. Higbie, E. Corsini, D. Budker, 2006 Robust, high-speed, all-optical atomic magnetometer Review of Scientific Instruments, 77 (1960) 113106. 87 Rb @ Ar
- Osi etalon modeli
- Etalon metra
- Kandela oznaka
- Solutie etalon definitie
- Metode si mijloace de masurare
- Etalon
- Etalon isolator
- "databank"
- Advantages and disadvantages of autonomy in png
- International measurement system
- King henry danced merrily
- Fungiability
- International construction measurement standards
- Local national and international issues
- Principles of international understanding
- National unification and the national state
- International standard on auditing 240
- Isced (international standard classification of education)
- International standard audiovisual number
- International standard name identifier
- Standard measurement system
- Standar pengukuran internasional
- National core standards pdf
- National quality standard assessment and rating instrument
- National building information modeling standard
- National standard 1
- Nfpa 1600
- Hourly medication chart
- User applied labelling
- National healthy housing standard
- Emap
- Universal principles
- Standard error or standard deviation
- Difference between standard language and home language
- Standard costing vs activity based costing
- Kurikulum sekolah menengah
- Zhuhai international school
- Hiren international careers
- Ondansantron
- International political economy
- International primary curriculum
- Kw luxury homes international
- Kensington international college
- Welcome canada amount for international students
- Functional middlemen
- Amway 6-4-2 plan
- Haifa university summer ulpan
- International finance syllabus
- International product decisions
- Specialization in international trade
- International trade and foreign exchange
- Unit 5 international business assignment 1 apple
- Two businesses operate in contrasting international markets
- Hodas v morin
- Contra viento y marea
- Tourism definition
- Test of english for international communication
- Moral persuasion cartoon
- Uc berkeley international office
- Leveraging subsidiary skills
- Mission of rotary international
- The olympic games are an international sports festival
- International style characteristics
- International monetary system
- Ilac mra
- Ihds international human design school
- International football association board (ifab)
- International bargaining forum
- Strevens world map of english
- Worldwide international student exchange (wise)
- Low context culture examples
- Baltic international academy
- Tesn international freight pty ltd
- Suvarnabhumi international airport map
- Ian scott international
- International management with american business studies
- Atys international school
- Global matrix structure
- Willow community college
- Willow international college
- Guided notes international organizations
- Difference between monism and dualism in international law
- Soroptimist international of the americas
- The major key players on the international side are the
- Skip tracing definition
- A short section of corrugated roadway that warns of hazards
- International cpted association