Matter REVIEW CONCEPTS Matter is anything that has

Matter REVIEW CONCEPTS

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

Matter is permanent. It cannot be manufactured or destroyed. Before reaction: 8 Red and 8 White After reaction: 8 Red and 8 White

Matter can be changed in two ways 1. Physical Change 2. Chemical Change

Physical VS. Chemical Changes • New chemicals are formed (products) • Not easily reversed Physical Changes • Often changes of state • Change in physical appearance only (i. e. ripping a piece of paper) • Often easily reversed

Matter exists in three states.

Solids are made of atoms or molecules that are packed tightly together. They have very little movement. 1. Definite shape 2. Definite volume 3. Cannot be compressed Examples: • Wood • Iron rods • Sheet metal • Concrete • Glass • Plastic • Drywall

Liquids allow more movement as molecules are further apart. 1. Indefinite shape - takes the shape of its container Examples: • Water • Solvents • Oil • Paint 2. Definite volume • Acids 3. Cannot be compressed • Refrigerant liquids

Gases allow a lot of movement as molecules are very far apart. 1. Indefinite shape - takes the shape of its container 2. Indefinite volume – takes the volume of the container 3. Can be compressed Examples: • Oxygen • Steam • Acetylene • Air (made of many different types of gases)

Matter can change states. Due to and increase or decrease in temperature.

Phase changes SOLID TO LIQUID Melting/Fusion LIQUID TO SOLID Freezing/Solidification

Phase changes LIQUID TO GAS Vaporization/ Evaporation GAS TO LIQUID Condensation

Phase changes SOLID TO GAS Sublimation GAS TO SOLID Crystallization/Deposition

Phase Changes Elements change phases based on temperature Every element has a different temperature where it will change state. So we know the temperatures for a substance like water? What temperature does it freeze? What temperature does it evaporate? How is this different for other substances?

Temperature and Phase Changes Melting Point – Temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid Freezing Point – Same as melting point. Referred to this during solidification Boiling Point – Temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas Substance Melting Point / Freezing Point Boiling Point Water 0 ⁰C 100 ⁰C Copper 1083 ⁰C 2567 ⁰C Aluminum 660 ⁰C 2767 ⁰C Polyethylene 105 -115 ⁰C N/A - Decomposes Dry Ice (CO 2) -78 ⁰C -57 ⁰C