Maine Agriculture Forest GHG Inventory Maine Agriculture and

Maine Agriculture & Forest GHG Inventory Maine Agriculture and Forest Working Group January 29, 2004 CCAP 1/29/04 CCAP

Meeting Goals n Understand current agriculture and forest carbon inventory data, methods and assumptions ¨ n Understand steps for refinement of inventory and baseline ¨ n n Clarify existing information Recommend updates for next meeting Understand underlying causes for changes in greenhouse gases (carbon stocks and flows forestry) Identify promising mitigation options for carbon savings 1/29/04 CCAP 2

Maine NESCAUM Inventory (12/17) 1/29/04 CCAP 3

Maine Agriculture Inventory 1/29/04 CCAP 4

Maine Agriculture Baseline 1/29/04 CCAP 5

Maine Agriculture Data Sources n Inventory ¨ EPA State GHG Inventory Tool n n 1/29/04 EIIP (1999) EIIP Volume VIII, Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Technical Report Series, October 1999. EPA (2001) Inventory of U. S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990 -1999. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, EPA 236 -R-01 -001, April 2001. EPA (2002) Inventory of U. S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990 -2000. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, EPA 430 -R-02 -003, April 2002. EPA (2003, In production) Inventory of U. S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990 -2001. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, EPA. CCAP 6

Maine Agriculture Data Sources n Inventory ¨ EPA State GHG Inventory Tool (continued) n n IPCC (1997) Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Reference Manual, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. United Kingdom, 1997. Schueneman, Thomas, Agricultural Extension Agent for Palm Beach County, Florida. (561) 996 -1655. USDA (2001), Published Estimates Database. U. S. Department of Agriculture, National Agriculture Statistics Service, Washington, DC, <http: //www. nass. usda. gov: 81/ipedb/>. Baseline ¨ 1/29/04 Historical 1990 -2000 trend projected to 2020 CCAP 7

Maine Agriculture Estimation Methods n Carbon Accounts and Carbon Coefficients Agricultural Soils ¨ Manure Management ¨ Enteric Fermentation ¨ Agricultural Residue Burning ¨ n Direct calculations of potential actions 1/29/04 CCAP 8

Maine Agriculture Assumptions n n n No change in land use or land cover trends from 19902000 period No significant change in technology trends No new federal policies No change in rates or types of management practices No change in productivity from climate impacts 1/29/04 CCAP 9

Maine Forest Inventory 1/29/04 CCAP 10

Maine Forest Inventory Data Sources n USFS Forest Inventory Assessment (FIA) for Maine Forest Service Several thousand permanent sample plots in Maine ¨ 1983, 1995, 2001 (partial) ¨ n Data now on five year collection cycle Forest area, composition and volume ¨ Growth, removals and mortality ¨ 1/29/04 CCAP 11

Maine Forest Inventory Estimation Methods n FORCARB model developed by USFS ¨ Carbon Accounts and Carbon Coefficients Tree Biomass n Understory Biomass n Forest Floor n Coarse Woody Debris n Soil n Wood Products n 1/29/04 CCAP 12

Maine Forest Baseline Estimation Methods n Advanced modeling of forest systems and uses FORCARB forest system (with Maine data) ¨ UFOREM urban forests (with Maine data) ¨ HARVCARB wood products (with Maine data) ¨ n Simplified methods Linear extrapolation of inventory ¨ Educated guesses and technical consensus ¨ 1/29/04 CCAP 13

Maine Forest Inventory Empirical Assumptions n n FORCARB 1 (Birdsey and Heath 2003) and FORCARB 2 (Heath, et al. 2003) Differences between Carbon Accounts (carbon pools) ¨ n Tree biomass, understory biomass, forest floor, coarse woody debris, soil, wood products Carbon Coefficients for each ¨ 1/29/04 Options for refinement with local data and assumptions CCAP 14

Tree Biomass n Birdsey and Heath, 2003 ¨ ¨ ¨ 1/29/04 Used FIA standard biomass equations (Cost et al. 1990) Live and dead trees combined Root ratios for softwoods and hardwoods Volume-to-carbon conversion factors by region and forest type Historical estimates from conversion of RPA volume estimates to mass CCAP 15

Tree Biomass n Heath, et al. 2003 ¨ ¨ ¨ 1/29/04 Used nationally consistent biomass equations (Jenkins et al. 2002) Live and dead trees separate Root ratios for 10 species groups Volume-to-carbon conversion factors by region, species, and size class (Smith et al. 2002) Historical estimates from conversion of RPA volume estimates to mass CCAP 16

Tree Biomass 1/29/04 CCAP 17

Tree Biomass n Options for Refinement: ¨ 1/29/04 If tree biomass equations are available for Maine, they can be substituted CCAP 18

Understory Biomass n Birdsey and Heath, 2003 ¨ n Heath, et al. 2003 ¨ n Percent of overstory biomass by forest type and age class Options for refinement: ¨ 1/29/04 If understory biomass equations are available for Maine, they can be substituted CCAP 19

Understory Biomass 1/29/04 CCAP 20

Forest Floor and Coarse Woody Debris n Birdsey and Heath, 2003 ¨ ¨ ¨ 1/29/04 Forest floor and coarse woody debris combined Used data in Vogt et al. (1986) Single estimate by region and forest type, weighted by age class distribution Simple dynamics for harvesting and land-use change CWD decay functions from Turner et al. 1995 (used to explicitly estimate logging debris) Historical estimates calculated as a function of RPA volume CCAP 21

Forest Floor n Heath, et. al 2003 Developed equations by region, forest type, and age class (Smith and Heath 2002) ¨ Data from a comprehensive literature review (Smith and Heath 2002) ¨ Historical estimates calculated as a function of region and forest type ¨ 1/29/04 CCAP 22

Coarse Woody Debris n Heath, et. al 2003 ¨ ¨ ¨ 1/29/04 Simulated ratio of woody residue to live tree C from growth, management, and harvest (Chojnacky and Heath 2002) Data from research studies Separate relationships by region, forest type, and owner CWD decay functions from Turner et al. (1995) Historical estimates calculated as a function of region and forest type CCAP 23

Forest Floor and Coarse Woody Debris 1/29/04 CCAP 24

Forest Floor and Coarse Woody Debris n Options for Refinement: Depends on availability of data for Maine ¨ Possible sources include Forest Health Monitoring data and Heath and Chojnacky (2001) ¨ 1/29/04 CCAP 25

Soil n Birdsey and Heath, 2003 ¨ ¨ ¨ 1/29/04 Multiple regression procedure to estimate soil C as a function of temp, precip; data from Post et al. (1982) Type shifts affect soil C in projections only Assumed clearcut affected soil C in the South Simple dynamics for land-use change projections beginning in 1980 (1987) Assumptions for land-use change effects from Houghton et al. (1983, 1985) Soil C changes deducted for land-use change CCAP 26

Soil n Heath, et. al 2003 ¨ ¨ ¨ 1/29/04 Soil C based on U. S. soil map with GIS overlay of forest types Type shifts affect historical and projected soil C Assumed clearcut did not affect soil C anywhere Simple dynamics for land-use change beginning in 1909 Data for land-use change effects from Post and Kwon (2001) Soil C changes deducted for land-use change CCAP 27

Soil 1/29/04 CCAP 28

Soil n Options for Refinement: Depends on availability of data for Maine ¨ Information on land-use-change is especially important for defining (1) transitions among forest types, and (2) movement of carbon in or out of the forest sector ¨ 1/29/04 CCAP 29

Wood Products n Birdsey and Heath, 2003 Used model results from Row and Phelps (1991) ¨ Based on wood production from all domestic sources (by ¨ state) ¨ n Historical data started in 1980 (1952) Heath, et. al 2003 Used model results from Skog and Nicholson (1998) ¨ Based on wood production from all domestic sources ¨ Historical data started in 1900 ¨ 1/29/04 CCAP 30

Wood Products 1/29/04 CCAP 31

Wood Products n Options for Refinement: ¨ 1/29/04 Depends on availability of data for Maine CCAP 32

Next Steps? n n Inventory Baselines Options Next WG meeting 1/29/04 CCAP 33