Greenhouse Gas Protocol ICT Sector Supplement Overview Telecommunications

Greenhouse Gas Protocol ICT Sector Supplement Overview Telecommunications Network Services Chapter Update Gabrielle Ginér - BT Tom Okrasinski – Bell Labs CTO

ICT sector supplement to support the GHG Protocol Product Standard • Initiative under auspices of GHG protocol (WRI / WBCSD): – Carbon Trust serving as 3 rd party facilitator – Ge. SI formally represents ICT sector on Steering Committee – Standards process conforms to GHG Protocol best practices • Full stakeholder engagement process • Interested parties to register on GHGP website: http: //www. ghgprotocol. org/feature/new-initiative-announced-help-ict-industry-measure-carbon-footprint Slide 2

Overview of governance structure Convening Secretariat WRI, WBCSD, Ge. SI, Carbon Trust Steering Committee Founding companies, Carbon Trust, Advocacy Groups , Academia, NGOs Technical Working Group (Practitioners) (open to all) • Companies • OEMs • Service Providers • Consultancies • Academia subgroup Stakeholder Advisory Group • Environmental advocacies • Industry analysts • Governments • ICT customers (corporates) • Developing Countries subgroup Slide 3

Focus of the ICT sector supplement • Focus on implementation of the GHG Protocol – hence adheres to principles of GHG Protocol and its interpretation of ISO • “Practitioners Guide” – written by practitioners for practitioners – focus on how to assess GHG emissions of ICT products (goods & services) – examples / case studies – supporting data • Reference and use of existing work and approaches for embodied carbon - PAIA, i. NEMI Slide 4

Overview of ICT sector supplement structure ICT Sector Supplement to support the GHG Protocol Product Standard Introduction overview Introduction General Guidance Methodology & Principles Infrastructure (building blocks) chapters Hardware / ICT equipment End user devices Servers & network equip Ancillary & components Service chapters Telecoms network service Enablement chapters EXAMPLES: Dematerial isation (incl. remote collaboration) Desktop managed service Energy management Cloud computing service, data centres and software Transportation Appendices Data Items Data Tables Proxy Data Secondary Data References Glossary E-commerce Slide 5

Relationship with other standards ISO 14040 & 14044 GHG Protocol Product Standard ICT sector supplement GHGP ICT sector supplement: covers goods and services, focus on assessment of greenhouse gases (no other environmental factors) ITU-T methodology: more high level, focused on different activities such as utilization of software, storage of goods and work processes. Does not divide into use phase, embodied emissions and operational activities. ETSI methodology: wider LCA - covers for example emissions to water and ground, water and land use. Doesn’t offer assessment/calculation approach EC pilot project will test compatibility Slide 6

Timetable 22 August Email update to SAG 12 September Draft to Steering Committee 21 September SAG webinars 26 September Steering Committee comments on draft 26 - 30 September Subgroup to incorporate SC comments 1 -20 October Another iteration with TWG and Steering Committee 4 October WRI and WBCSD issue Product Standard 20 October Issue to SAG 20 October to 12 December SAG to comment October – January 2012 European Commission pilots 1/2 November Stakeholder F 2 F workshop in Jakarta 2 - 10 November SAG webinars for Europe, North America and Asia audiences 12 – 31 December Sub-group consideration and incorporation of SAG comments January 2012 Sub-group discussions with TWG and Steering Group Mid January 2012 SAG webinars End of February 2012 Publication of document on GHG Protocol website Slide 7

Telecom Network Services Guide Objectives • Provides guidance for ICT stakeholders in calculating GHG emissions associated with telecom network services (TNS) – Offers methodology approach and options to identify GHG reduction opportunities over the life cycle of a service – Provides a means of understanding emissions sources and prioritizing them to then help in reducing them – It is NOT a guide for product labeling or comparative assertion • TNS comprises 3 core elements: – Customer domain – Service platform – Operational activities • Guide covers: – Scope, boundary, functional unit – Methodologies, hierarchical approaches, references for details – Generic topics covered in Intro / Overview Life Cycle Stages for a Telecommunications Network Service Slide 8

Telecommunications Network Services Guide GHG emissions elements Use Embodied GHG Emissions LCA Phase Telecommunications Network Service (TNS) Elements in GHG Emissions Assessment Customer Domain Service Platform a c In-use GHG emissions associated with ICT enduser / customer premises equipment b Embodied GHG emissions associated with Customer Domain equipment / infrastructure In-use GHG emissions associated with ICT network and service platform supporting / connecting (but not in) customer domain d Embodied GHG emissions associated with Service Platform equipment / infrastructure Operational Activities e In-use GHG emissions associated with labor and non-ICT infrastructure supporting Customer Domain and Service Platform equipment f Embodied GHG emissions associated with Operational / non. ICT capital infrastructure “Use” Includes: • Equipment / network use • Repairs / maintenance “Embodied” Includes: • Raw materials acquisition & pre-processing • Production • Product distribution / retail • Installation • End-of-life treatment Slide 9

Telecommunications Network Services Guide GHG Emissions Elements – Customer Domain Approaches for assessing GHG emissions of Customer Domain (Listed in decreasing order of accuracy) TNS Element Customer domain Use “a” 1. Detailed use phase measurement: directly measure power consumption of the ICT equipment through physical power monitoring under specific operating conditions and usage profile. 2. Use estimation: estimate typical energy consumption of ICT equipment based on categorical equipment type, anticipated usage profile, and relevant country/region location of usage. 3. LCA phase ratio modeling: use-phase GHG emissions can be modeled as a percentage of the total life cycle GHG emissions, accounting for the equipment type, usage profile and country/region of usage. Embodied “b” ICT Equipment: * 1. Detailed LCA: use data from detailed LCA to determine the ICT equipment’s GHG emissions. 2. Embodied estimation: estimated GHG assessment from techniques such as: § Components – estimation techniques based on categorical component similarities (e. g. i. NEMI ICT LCA estimation) § Equipment – estimation techniques based on ICT equipment type parametization (e. g. PAIA laptop parametization) 3. LCA phase ratio modeling: embodied GHG emissions can modeled as a percentage of the total life cycle GHG emissions. * ICT Supporting Infrastructure treated separately Slide 10

Telecommunications Network Services Guide GHG emissions elements – Service Platform Approaches for assessing GHG emissions of Service Platform (Listed in decreasing order of accuracy) TNS Element Use “c” Service platform 1. Bottom-up model: total service platform energy consumption can be calculated “bottom-up” from an inventory of equipment. 2. Coarse/fine-grain models: a combination of data requirements and energy modeling parameters to yield a certain level of information for the use phase. Embodied “d” 1. Follow approaches as per Customer Domain – Embodied phase 2. Screening estimation: where significance is low, use existing LCA studies as proxies. 3. Top-down model: apportionment of energy to individual telecom services calculated with ratio of capacity used by customer or service and mean traffic being carried by the network. Slide 11

Telecommunications Network Services Guide GHG Emissions Elements – Operational Activities Approaches for assessing GHG emissions of Operational Activities (Listed in decreasing order of accuracy) TNS Element Use “e” Embodied “f” Operational activities and non. ICT infrastructure 1. Primary Data Assessment - assess GHG emissions from resources (people and equipment) involved in delivering the TNS service, their specific work assignments, and their time allocations. 1. Primary Data Assessment – use primary data from a detailed life cycle assessment (typically carried out by the owner / maintainer of the operational / non-ICT infrastructure). 2. Secondary Data Assessment - assess GHG emissions from resources involved in delivering the TNS service by using costs and conversion factors from economic input / output tables and apportionment factors based on the type and extent of operational activities. 2. Screening estimation – from a practical standpoint, these activities in the embodied phase may be represented as either a simplified percentage of the total LCA emissions, e. g. 1%, or it may be excluded due to the relatively small impact (less than 1%). Slide 12

Telecommunications Network Services Guide GHG emissions elements – Customer domain ratio approach Customer Domain: Use / Embodied Ratio Modeling Approach - Example: a small chassis router has typical active power consumption of 100 W at 24 x 7 utilization, and a life expectancy of 7 years Step 1: calculate the router’s use-phase GHG emissions: Euse = 100 W x 8760 hrs/yr x 7 yrs x 1 kwh/1000 Wh x 0. 537 kg CO 2 e/kwh* Euse = 3293 kg CO 2 e *GHG conversion factor for appropriate region of use Step 2: estimate the router’s embodied-phase GHG emissions using historical LCA data showing the LCA ratio for use / embodied emissions for different equipment types (see table) Eemb : Euse = 20% : 80% = 3293 kg CO 2 e x (20% / 80%) = 823 kg CO 2 e Examp Eemb = 823 kg CO 2 e Note: full life cycle GHG emissions can also be estimated as: Euse + Eemb = 4116 kg CO 2 e le Da Equipment Category Use / Embodied Phase LCA Ratio (Cu and Ce) Wireless Access Point 75% / 25% Router, small chassis 80% / 20% Telepresence system 85% / 15% ta Slide 13

Telecom Network Services Guide GHG Emissions Elements – Service Platform Use Phase: Modeling approach Network Types Point-to-Point Model Types § Top-down Tree / Star § Coarse-grain § Fine-grain Mesh § Bottom-up Slide 14

Telecom Network Services Guide Modeling Needs Increasing Precision / Data Needs Parameters Top. Down Coarse Fine Bottom. Up Overall network power √ √ Total mean network traffic √ √ √ Network / Service based √ √ √ Mean network traffic (“nth” service) Ingoing traffic (“nth” service) √ Number of devices √ Subset of number of hop counts √ Weighting for traffic thru “h“ hops √ √ Hops based Weighting for “nth” service thru “h” hops √ Network architecture Class of equipment /equipment category √ √ Total number of equipment categories √ √ √ √ Mean traffic for “nth” service thru each equipment category Total mean traffic for each equipment category Equipment based Mean power/footprint for “kth” equipment category Power/footprint for “ith” device Total mean traffic for “ith” service thru “ith” device Total mean traffic for “ith” device Increasing Complexity Outgoing traffic (“nth” service) √ Device based √ √ Slide 15

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