Karen Coluzzi Maine Department of Agriculture Conservation Forestry

Karen Coluzzi, Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation, Forestry FPOSP Training, Calais, ME 5/22/2013

• Anoplophora glabripennis (Family: Cerambycidae) • Native to China and Korea • “Longhorned Beetle” due to the long antennae • “Starry Sky Beetle” “Darth Vader Beetle” PA Dept. Conservation and Natural Resources, Bugwood. org

• ALB is a wood boring beetle. • Small larvae feed in the cambium and sapwood disrupting flow of nutrients • Larger larvae feed deeper into the tree’s heartwood, weakening the tree’s structure. • ALB attacks healthy hardwood trees • Repeated attacks lead to weakened trees and eventually death. Dennis Haugen, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood. org

• Solid wood packing materials (SWPM), like pallets, crates and spools, are used to transport goods from China to the U. S. • SWPMs were infested with live ALB larvae.

• ALB in North America • • New York – Brooklyn (1996) Illinois – Chicago (1998) New Jersey – Jersey City (2002) Toronto, Canada (2003) New Jersey – Carteret (2004) New York – Staten Island (2007) New York – Prall Island (2007) Massachusetts – Worcester (2008) • Massachusetts – Boston (2010) • Ohio – Clermont Co. (2011) X X X

• ALB attacks many hardwood tree species • Represent billions of dollars to the U. S. economy • Lumber • Wood products • Nursery stock • Maple syrup • Tourism http: //curiouslyhealthy. blogspot. com

• Public Safety Hazard • Trees are weakened by larval feeding in the heartwood. Ice storm Massachusetts, 2008 Michael Bohne, U. S. Forest Service

• Hard to Detect • No effective trap/lure • Only visual surveys – easy to miss signs • Limited Control Options • To date, no effective natural enemies • No pesticides • Non-infested trees can be protected with chemical trunk injections • Must take tree down and chip it.

• In Urban Areas • Tree canopy cover – 35% lost • Tree mortality – 30% (=1. 2 billion trees) • Economic damage • $669 billion • Decreased property values • Energy-conserving shade • Aesthetic loss Street in Worcester after tree removal Karen Coluzzi, Maine Dept. of Agriculture

• In Forested Areas • Tree mortality – 30% (=71 billion trees) • Economic damage • $2 trillion • Reduced water and air quality • Ecological diversity altered • Wetlands and wildlife impacted

• *Maple (including boxelder)* maple poplar • • • Birch Elm Horsechestnut Mountain-ash Poplar Willow mountain-ash horsechestnut birc h willow elm

Larry R. Barber, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood. org USDA APHIS PPQ Mike Bohne, U. S. Forest Service The adult female chews a niche into the bark of the tree in which to lay her egg. An adult male guards the female. Eggs are laid individually under the bark and are the approximate size of a grain of rice. After 10 -15 days, larvae hatch and bore into the tree, feeding on the cambial layer and inner bark for the first three life stages.

Steven Katovich, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood. org Adults emerge leaving round, dime-sized exit holes Dennis Haugen, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood. org The larvae eventually bore deeper into the wood where they pupate. PA DCNR - Forestry Archive, Bugwood. org Michael Bohne, USDA Forest Service

July - October

Adult Beetles • Large over 1”; females larger than males • Shiny black like patent leather shoes • White markings strong alternating bands on antennae; splotches on body • Blue tinge on legs female

Whitespotted Pine Sawyer Black scutellum White scutellum male female Feeds on conifers – pine, spruce and fir. Adults range from 0. 75 -1. 25” in length. Adults emerge in spring and can be seen all summer.

Northeastern Sawyer Feeds on conifers 1. 0 – 1. 5” in length Adults emerge in spring Western Conifer Seed Bug Feeds on conifer seeds ~3/4” in length Adults enter buildings when cold

Eyed Click Beetle Broadnecked Root Borer Serrated antennae Predatory. 1. 0 – 1. 8” in length. Wireworm larvae feed on woodborers. Bores into roots. 1. 0 – 1. 75” in length. Adults are nocturnal.

Branch Dieback and Discolored Foliage PA DCNR - Forestry Archive, Bugwood. org Patty Douglass, USDA APHIS PPQ

Bark Problems Michael Bohne, US Forest Service Cracks Missing

Foamy Sap Michael Bohne, US Forest Service

Oviposition Sites (egg niches) Jenn Forman Orth, Mass. Department of Agricultural Resources

Oviposition Sites (egg niches) old new Michael Bohne, US Forest Service

Exit (emergence) Holes Michael Bohne, US Forest Service Dennis Haugen, US Forest Service

Exit (emergence) Holes

Exit (emergence) Holes vs. Sapsucker Damage

Frass

Frass Robert A. Haack, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood. org Kenneth R. Law, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood. org Michael Bohne, US Forest Service

Frass

Adult Feeding Damage Dean Morewood, Health Canada, Bugwood. org Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources - Forestry Archive, Bugwood. org

Tunnels and Galleries Patty Douglass, USDA APHIS PPQ

• On host trees • Look for signs and symptoms throughout the year • Look for adult beetles July – October • Binoculars are good for higher branches Maine Department of Agriculture

What the USDA Eradication Program uses to look for signs of ALB

• Open landscapes • Street trees, backyards, parks, cemeteries • Right-of-ways • Roads, power lines, railroad tracks • Edges* of: • Woodlots, forests, ravines • Industrial parks!!! • Campgrounds

• Capture it • Place in a container • that can be sealed • Freeze ASAP • OR, take a picture • Collect data • • Date Location Nearby trees or tree it was on Your name and contact info Glenn Rosenholm, US Forest Service

Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Forestry • www. albmaine. org • Division of Animal and Plant Health • 207 -287 -3891 • Maine Forest Service • 207 -287 -2431 • USDA APHIS PPQ • 207 -848 -5199 • ALB Hotline • 866 -702 -9938 Also, join our Facebook page! Maine Bug Watch

• Almost all new infestations have been detected by private citizens. • Trainings • Presentations • Public events • Media • Outreach also facilitates program activities and compliance with regulations once an infestation has been identified.

Worcester, MA ALB reported in 2008 by a public citizen Infested trees date back to 1994 110 mi 2 quarantined >34, 000 trees removed to date Boston, MA ALB reported in 2010 by a trained volunteer Infested trees date back to 2008 10 mi 2 quarantined 6 trees removed to date

• Asian longhorned beetle threatens Maine’s hardwood and urban forests. • If left unchecked, the potential economic damage from ALB is estimated at more than $600 billion dollars in the continental U. S. • We need the help of private citizens to help with early detection to stave off establishment of ALB in Maine. • Please be on the lookout and Capture and Report any suspect findings www. albmaine. org

www. uvm. edu/albeetle/