LOCAL DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING PROCESS Ramesh Kumar Adhikari

LOCAL DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING PROCESS Ramesh Kumar Adhikari

Definition of Development “Development is a good to better phenomenon for the benefit of people and place as per their purpose” RKA

Developing the plan for development “Developing the Plan actually laying out the sequence of events that have to occur for you to achieve your goal” Jeorge L. Moorrisey

Development Plan: Formulation Sequence • • Define- Present Status (Now) Dream- Future Achievement-Result(Where) Develop- Vision, Mission and Strategy Design- Program/Project (Focus on Project cycle) • Plan- Delivery mechanism

Development: Planning and Implementation • Planning – Outcome-Output –Activities-Input • Implementation-Input-Activities-Output-Outcome

Local Bodies: DDC, Municipality and VDC Core Elements • Formation-Democracy • Function-Development Legal Instruments to run Local Bodies ▫ ▫ Interim Constitution of Nepal-2063 Local Self Governance Act, 2055 Local Self Governance Regulation-2056 Local Body Resource Mobilization Management Guideline-2069 and

Basic Principles Governance • • • of Local Self Decentralization Promoting Participation Developing Local Leadership Social Inclusion and Equality Institutionalization of Governance/Development Process • Participatory planning process-citizen as chooser

Design of Decentralization • Devolution ▫ Fund ▫ Functionary • Leadership by Election

Local Development Components • Administration of ▫ ▫ Vital Registration-Birth, Marriage, Divorce, Migration and Death Household Data Base Social Security Payment Community Mediation ▫ ▫ ▫ Education Health Sanitation, Hygiene Employment Political Participation Infrastructure (Transportation; Drinking water; Irrigation and river control; Micro-hydro and alternative energy; Solid waste management; Housing, building and urban development; Social infrastructure) • Provision of

• Development of ▫ ▫ ▫ Agriculture Forestry, Soil conservation and Environment Tourism and Cottage Industries Human Resource Natural Resources Disaster Management • Empowerment of ▫ Citizen ▫ Communities ▫ Vulnerable and Marginalized Groups

Local Planning Process – Basic Features • Coherent with Local Self Governance Act-2055 and Local Self Governance Regulation -2056. • Institutionalization of 14 steps Planning Process • Inclusive Participation (gender, geography caste, ethnicity, age, ability and vulnerability). • Multi-stakeholder participation (Gov, NGO, Private Sector, Community/Citizen-CSO). • Linked with National Plan and District periodic plan. • Integrated and comprehensive planning process. • Socio- economic developmental and environment sensitive planning. • CFLG and EFLG – a new concept for future aspiration

NATIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION Budget ceiling guidelines…… RESOURCE COMMITTEE NPC MINISTRY OF FINANCE BUDGET CELLING GUIDELINES SECTORAL MINISTRY MOLD REGIONAL DIRECTORATE BUDGET CELLING, PRIORITIES, DIRECTIVES GUIDELINES BUDGET CELLING GUIDELINES VDC DEPARTMENTS MUNICIPALITY USERS GROUP DDC ENDORSED PLAN BUDGET CELLING GUIDELINES DISTRICT OFFICE

Mo. LD and OTHER MINISTRY NATIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION DISTRICT COUNCIL DDC PLAN DDC MEETING INTEGRATED PLAN FORMULATION MEETING SECTOR SPECIFIC PLAN FORMULATION MEETING GOs & NGOS COORD. MEETING AREA LEVEL MEETING MUNICI. DEV. PLAN VDC/MUNICIPALITY COUNCIL VDC/MUNICIPALITY MEETING INTEGRATED PLAN MEETING WARD MEETING TOLE /SETTLEMENT LEVEL PLANNING 14 STEPS PLANNING PROCESS…… VDC/MUNICIPALITY MEETING PRE-PLANNING PREPARATION MEETING BUDGET CEILING, DIRECTIONS AND ESTIMATION OF RESOURCES BUDGET CEILING AND DIRECTION DDC LEVEL INFORMATION VDC/MUNICIPAITY INFO.

Top down action for Guiding and inspiring the local bodies • The National Planning Commission (NPC) issues budget ceiling and Guideline to all District Development Committees (75) by November 16, every year. • The line Ministries (Development Ministry) also issue additional guideline to their district office to ease the planning process at same time. • The Ministry of Local Development also issues additional guideline to all District Development Committee drawing their attention to complete Development plan (Annual plan and budget) by March 15 th each year.

Bottom up action in local planning • Data collection and analysis by Local Bodies • Receipt of Budget Ceiling and Guideline from the center -DDC • Review of Guidelines and estimation of resources and means –DDC • Pre-planning workshop Meeting-DDC • VDC/Municipalities receive the budget ceiling and guideline from DDC and hold meeting for setting planning exercise.

• Tole /Settlement level planning exercise is done for need assessment , project identification and prioritization. • Ward Committee holds meeting to compile the list of projects forwarded by the Settlement level and submits final lists to the village Development Committee (VDC)/Municipality. • The VDC/Municipality Board Meeting finalizes the list of the projects into two-fold, the one for ‘VDC/Municipality’ execution from their resources and the other forwarding to District level through Area Level Planning Exercise (At this stage an Integrated Plan Formulation Committee facilitates the VDC/Municipality Board)

• VCD/Municipality council meeting gives the approval of project list in two fold; one to be implemented by the VDC/ Municipality themselves and the other one to be implemented by the District Development Committee or other agencies. • DDC organizes the area level planning exercise to screen the projects submitted by the VDC/Municipality. This level exercise finalize the list of project with cost estimation to bring to DDC planning process.

• Upon the completion of Area level planning process, the sectoral plan formulation committee Meeting is held at DDC with the participation of concern stakeholders. This committee does exercise to mach available resources and demand list. The decision is forwarded to the integrated plan formulation committee. • The Integrated Plan Formulation Committee examines the recommendation of the sectoral plan formulation committee and tries to avoid duplication of resources and overlapping of the activities; and finally recommends to the DDC Board meeting the list of the projects, cost estimates and source of budget.

• The DDC Board Meeting decides the agenda to forward to the District Council • The District Council approves district plan and Budget. Also decides on various policy matters including revenue generation. The District Development plan is published and submitted to National Planning Commission by march 15 th. The District Development plan contains two type of Projects. The one that falls under the District execution from the available resources. The other type of projects are forwarded to the NPC and other line ministries to be considered for additional funding.

Program and Budget Finalization Process DRAFT ANNUAL PLAN FROM OVERHAULING FINAL BUDGET SECTORAL MINISTRIES TO DISCUSSION ABOUT DISCUSSION IN Mo. F NPC AND Mo. F ANNUAL PROGRAMMES BUDGET IS APPROVED BY DRAFT BUDGET PREPARATION OF CABINATE AND SUBMITTED SPEECH IS SUBMITTED FINAL DRAFT TO PARLIAMENT BY Mo. F TO NPC AND BUDGET SPEECH BY CABINET Mo. F DISCUSSION WITHIN THE VOTING PARLIAMENT FINAL APPROVED SPECIAL COMMITTEE OF THE FOR FINAL APPROVAL BUDGET PARLIAMENT

Funds flow Mechanism…. . PLANNING NATIONAL PLANNING MINISTRY COMMISSION MINISTRY/DISTRICT MOF/ DISTRICT OFFICE TREASURY OFFICE PROGRAM BUDGETS PROGRAM DISTRICT FUNDS RELEASE TO ARE ASSIGNED TO BUDGETS ARE OFFICES/MINISTRY/DISTRICT SECTORAL MINISTRIES ASSIGNED TO ADMINISTRATION OFFICE BY MOF ALONG WITH CONCERENED REQUEST DISTRICT ADMISTRATIVE DEPARTMENT TREASURY TO ACCOUNTABILITY S FROM RELEASE FUNDS AS SECTORAL PER ANNUAL PLAN MINISTRIES IMPLEMENTA PERIODIC PROGRAM TION REVIEW MONITORING AND MOINITORING AND CONDUCTED REVIEW OF ACCORDING TO PROGRAMME PROGRAM APPROVED PROGRAMME/BUD GET

Function of VDC • Agriculture • Rural Drinking Water • Works and Transport • Education and Sports • Irrigation and Soil erosion and River Control • Physical Development • Health Service • Forest and Environment • Language and Culture • Tourism and Cottage Industries • Miscellaneous (Develop human resources, cooperatives, NGOs, etc. )

Function of Municipality • Finance • Physical Development • Water resources, Environment and Sanitation • Education and Sports Development • Culture • Works and Transport • Health Service • Social Welfare • Industry and Tourism • Miscellaneous

Function of DDC • Agriculture • Rural drinking and Habitation Development • Hydropower • Works and Transport • Land Reforms and Land Management • Development of Women and Helpless People • Forest Environment, Education and Sports • Wages for Labor • Irrigation and Soil-erosion and River Control • Information and Communications • Language and Culture • Cottage Industry • Health, Tourism • Miscellaneous (Information management, Disaster management, Recommendatory actions etc) • Power to Form Sub committee

District Planning Integration System • The 14 steps planning process itself integrates all sectoral plans • Sectoral planning exercise starts rights from the tole / settlement level. • Local bodies and local offices of central agencies work together for district planning and budgeting. • The District council is supreme body to integrate all kind of development work to be done by different partners. • The District Development Plan of every fiscal year incorporates detail list of activities and budget. So this is considered a development information sheet. • The DDC has mandatory right to draw attention of all development stakeholder to submit the annual program and budget to the DDC and regular reporting of the progress. Also monitoring and review is done by the DDC. • Linking with central projects also taken care by the DDC.

Implementation Modalities • Annual procurement plan • Engineering survey, design and estimate • Goods procurement from the market through direct shopping, quotation or tender process • Development work through ▫ Users committee or ▫ Contractors

REPORTING REFORM Policy Program Process Input Activities Output Monitoring Process (Timely-Correctly-Completely) REALIZATION Strength Weakness Innovation REVIEW Process Time and cost Result

Outcome of M&E Process Helpful tool for • Looking inward • Looking forward • Looking upward • Looking outward • Looking backward • Looking downward of time, cost and specification of development plan

Monitoring- Supervision and Monitoring Committee VDC level • Chairperson of VDC- Convener • 3 representatives of political party with at least one female- member • 2 representatives of ward citizen forum with at least one female- member • 1 female representative from citizen awareness center- member • 1 office in charge of line agency area office/ service centers- member • Available technical staffs- members • VDC secretary or his/her nominee- Member Secretary

Municipality level • Mayor of municipality- Convener • 3 representatives of political party with at least one female- member • 2 representatives of ward citizen forum with atleast one female- member • 1 female representative from citizen awareness center- member • 1 representative of line agency office- member • 1 technical staff nominated by the Convenermember • 1 representative of FNCCI district or municipality branch- member • Mayor or his/her nominee- Member Secretary

District level • DDC Chairperson- Convener • 3 representatives of political party with at least one female- member • Local Development Officer- member • 2 Chief of Line agency office nominated by Convener - member • DTO Chief- member • Chief or Officer of District Treasury Office- member • Representative of FNCCI district branch- member • Chief of NGO Federation, district branch- member • Planning, monitoring and administrative officer. Member Secretary

Key Functions of Monitoring Mechanism • Facilitation • Guidance • Monitoring of service delivery and construction work • Routine based reporting • Formation of sub committee • Monitoring of resource utilization

Issues • • Bottom up vs. Top down Participatory vs. Bureaucratic Citizen vs. Government centric Citizen Chooser vs. Users Information based vs. Memory based District Plan vs. DDC Plan Operational capacity of Local Bodies

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