INTEGRITY AND ETHICS Shiva Hari Adhikari Gyan Laxmi

INTEGRITY AND ETHICS न षठ /इम नद र त र सद च र -Shiva Hari Adhikari -Gyan Laxmi Shrestha

3 CIAA Arrests Two Rural Municipality Executives with Bribe in Sindhuli SINDHULIMADHI: The Commission for Investigation of Abuse of Authority has reportedly arrested two rural municipality executive chiefs red-handed while they were taking a bribe from a solar panel dealer in Sindhuli district on Tuesday. A team of personnel at CIAA extended Office, Bardibas, apprehended executive chief of Golanjor Rural Municipality Bhola Kumar Ale and executive chief of Fikal Rural Municipality Satish Bhattarai in the district. The duo were arrested while they were taking commission from the owner of Dhruba Electronics, an authorised supplier of the solar panels at Stall Bazar in Kamalamai Municipality-6, for making purchase deal on behalf of the government, today, according to the Superintendent of Police Mukesh Singh at the CIAA Office. Ale was held with Rs 1, 51, 000 and Bhattarai with Rs 90, 000 bribe said police. Earlier, the government had made the decision of acquiring the large quantity of solar panel for rural settlement deprived of CIAA Office, Bardibas, apprehends the executive chiefs of Golanjor Rural Municipality and Fikal electricity supply. Rural Municipality Bhola Kumar Ale (left) and Satish Bhattarai respectively, with the bribe in Sindhuli District, on Tuesday, June 6, 2017. Photo: Min Kumar Dahal Source: THT, 06 June 2017

MORALE 7 Personal/individual and spiritual character Right and wrong at a much deeper level Basic human marker of right conduct and behavior No external inducements or constrains needed and usually do

ETHICS 8 Professional standards Declaration of the moral values and standards of behavior required by all in an organization Well founded standards of right and wrong that prescribe what ought to do, usually in terms of rights, obligations, benefits to society, fairness, or specific qualities.

INTEGRITY 9 State or quality of being complete, undivided or unbroken moral soundness, honesty, uprightness It is a concept of consistency of actions, values, methods, measures, principles, expectations and outcomes Knowing and doing right things

ISSUES 10 Slaughtering animals and consuming meats Throwing thrashes from public buses then and now Abortion

The Integrity Image Role models? Commitment Trust Karma Do these above things exist in law implementation?

Foundation: Integrity and Ethics Sources of Moral Values and Behavioral Norms (Huberts, Maesschalck and Jurkiewicz, 2008; Ethics and Integrity of Governance) Source Human Universals Characteristics Innate and natural Derived from natural rights theory Experience with the environment Represented by behavioral psychology Thought, Reason and Education Cultural/ Social Perspectives Rational Analysis/Cognitive Processes Non-rational/Need Experience, Expertise and Emotion based Perspective Theological Perspective God given moral values Unchallengeable among believers Professional and Public service ethics systems

PUBLIC SECTOR ETHICS: CRITICAL ASPECTS 13 Publicness in public service Capacity of public sector �Healthy governance �Effective prevention �Sharp detection �Robust prosecution and recovery Culture of integrity in public service �Motivated primarily by money or professional fulfilment �Sense of ownership: attachment, team sprit, proudness, …

Factors affecting Integrity and Ethical Behaviour Executive as an Individual • Family Influences Internal/ Organizational External Environment • Policies, Code of • Government conduct regulations MY CHOICE • Religious / Cultural values • Behaviour of leaders, supervisors, peers and subordinates • Personal standards, • Organisational and needs culture Ethical Behaviour • Norms and values of politics – political behaviour • Ethical climate of society- social values and norms

Case: Willing DEO Can Make a Difference 15 Watch the video case: Willing DEO Can Make a Difference Make note on how he was able to organize Share it in plenary.

Options 16 A lawyer’s approach �Toughening laws & legislations A businessman’s approach �Offering incentives to officials to disengage from corruption (buy out corruption). A market or an economist’s approach �Introduce or increase competition An institutional approach � Genuine political/leadership commitment

Promoting Integrity and Ethics 17 Identify and name an integrity problem Knowledge of the legislation, codes, standards, related to the problem Identify the solution

Things We Need! 18 Organisation: Commitment Clear set of values and standards Communication of values and standards Continuous and consistent actions Moreover, � � � Acknowledge that “it starts with me!” Establish a legend; let it be disseminated Be wiling to pay price

19

References 20 Graaf, Gjalt De, 2007, Causes Of Corruption: Towards A Contextual Theory Of Corruption, Public Administration Quarterly, 39 -86. Jain, Arvind, 2001, Corruption: A Review, Journal of Economic Surveys Vol 15, No. 1, 71 -121 Pinto, Jonathan; Carrie R. Leana; Frits K. Pil, 2008, Corrupt Organizations Or Organizations Of Corrupt Individuals? Two Types Of Organization-level Corruption, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 33, No. 3, 685– 709 http: //integrityaction. org/ Adhikari, S. H. , 2014, Patron-Client Politics and Governance System of Nepal, submitted to Seoul National University, Republic of Korea, 2014 Adhikari, S. H. , Gupta, A. K. , & Shrestha, G. L. (2016). Level, Pattern and Trend of Corruption (Analysis Based on the Corruption and Improper Conducts' Cases Published by Commission for the