Language of Anatomy The Language of Anatomy o

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Language of Anatomy

Language of Anatomy

The Language of Anatomy o. Special terminology is used to prevent misunderstanding o. Exact

The Language of Anatomy o. Special terminology is used to prevent misunderstanding o. Exact terms are used for: n Position n Direction n Regions n Structures

Anatomical Position o Anatomical position is a standardized method of observing or imaging the

Anatomical Position o Anatomical position is a standardized method of observing or imaging the body that allows precise and consistent anatomical references. o When in the anatomical position, the subject stands: n n n standing upright facing the observer, head level eyes facing forward feet flat on the floor arms at the sides palms turned forward (ventral)

Orientation and Directional Terms o Superior- Towards the head end or upper part of

Orientation and Directional Terms o Superior- Towards the head end or upper part of the body. ABOVE o Inferior- Away from the head end or toward the lower part of the structure. BELOW o Anterior- Toward or at the front of the body. IN FRONT OF o Posterior- Toward the or at he backside of the body. BEHIND Table 1. 1

Orientation and Directional Terms o Medial- Toward or at the midline of the body.

Orientation and Directional Terms o Medial- Toward or at the midline of the body. ON THE INNER SIDE OF o Lateral- Away from the midline of the body. ON THE OUTTER SIDE OF o Intermediate-Between a more medial and more lateral structure o Proximal- Close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body truck.

Orientation and Directional Terms o Distal- Farther from the origin of the body part

Orientation and Directional Terms o Distal- Farther from the origin of the body part or point of attachment of a limb to the body truck o Superficial- Toward or at the body surface o Deep- Away from the body surface; more internal

Body Landmarks o. Anterior Figure 1. 5 a

Body Landmarks o. Anterior Figure 1. 5 a

Body Landmarks o. Posterior Figure 1. 5 b

Body Landmarks o. Posterior Figure 1. 5 b

Body Planes o o • Sagittal plane – divides the body into left and

Body Planes o o • Sagittal plane – divides the body into left and right sections. • Midsagittal (median) planedivides the body into equal halves at midline. • Frontal (coronal) plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections • Transverse (horizontal) plane – divides the body into superior and inferior sections. Figure 1. 6

Body Cavities o o o Body cavities – hollow spaces within the human body

Body Cavities o o o Body cavities – hollow spaces within the human body that contain internal organs. Dorsal Cavity: located toward the back of the body Divided into the Cranial cavity and Vertebral or Spinal cavity Cranial holds the brain Vertebral or Spinal holds the spinal cord. Figure 1. 7

Body Cavities o Ventral Cavity: located toward the front of the body is o

Body Cavities o Ventral Cavity: located toward the front of the body is o Divided into abdominopelvic cavity and thoracic cavity by the diaphragm o The abdominopelvic cavity is subdivided into Abdominal cavity o holds liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, spleen, kidney, small, and large intestines

Body Cavities o Pelvic cavity holds the urinary bladder and reproductive organs o Thoracic

Body Cavities o Pelvic cavity holds the urinary bladder and reproductive organs o Thoracic cavity is subdivided into the pleural cavity which holds the lungs o pericardial cavity which holds the heart.

Abdominopelvic Quadrants o There are four abdominoplevic quadrants. Figure 1. 8 a

Abdominopelvic Quadrants o There are four abdominoplevic quadrants. Figure 1. 8 a

Abdominopelvic Regions o The abdominal area is subdivided into 9 regions. Figure 1. 8

Abdominopelvic Regions o The abdominal area is subdivided into 9 regions. Figure 1. 8 b

Abdominopelvic Major Organs Figure 1. 8 c

Abdominopelvic Major Organs Figure 1. 8 c

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