Entry Task What was the most important thing

Entry Task • What was the most important thing you learned while reading Chapter 8 – Political Geography? ▫ Why is that the most important thing?

Chapter 8 Reading Quiz Ready?

TEST Debrief • Most commonly missed questions • FRQ grading ▫ You will receive the actual APHG FRQ rubric for the questions you wrote about. ▫ Grade your classmates’ questions like normal but use the rubrics as your guide. ▫ Write the score at the top.

Political Boundaries Unit 4 – Political Geography

Objectives • Content: WWBAT explain how different shapes of states and types of borders can have poistive and negative impacts. Language: WWBAT read analyze an atlas.

US v. Mexico Border • The boundary between the United States and Mexico represents one of the greatest divisions of wealth on Earth. • Other possibilities include North Korea/South Korea or South Africa/Botswanan. • Activity 1: ▫ Examine the data on the US v. Mexico and then answer the questions at your table in a discussion.

US v. Mexico Border • What is the definition of “political boundary”? • What purpose do political boundaries serve? • Do geometric boundaries effectively separate people? • What impact does the United States/Mexico border have on the lives of people on either side of the boundary?

Activity 2 – Atlas Search • Use an atlas to find two examples of each type of political boundary listed on the worksheet. • List the two countries or states that make up each of the boundary examples. • Geometric Boundary: formed by arcs or lines (such as latitude and longitude) regardless of the physical and culture features of the earth. ▫ Often found around the states that developed out of colonial holdings, such as in Africa and the Middle East • Physical Boundary: naturally occurring divide between two areas; not man-made

Activity 3 – Short Answer Question • Choose one of the three different short answer questions listed. • Using the knowledge you gained in reading Chapter 8 and from our activity today write a complete answer to the question you choose. • WRITE YOUR ANSWER IN COMPLETE SENTENCES.

Some additional notes

Scale of Borders • Supra-national scale: organizations that transcend the boundaries of multiple countries ▫ United Nations • State scale: the political division of the Earth’s surface among different countries • Intra-state scale: further division of a state into small entities ▫ Provinces of Canada

Importance of Clear Borders • Centripetal Forces ▫ States with clearly defined borders promotes unity and cultural cohesion • Centrifugal Forces: ▫ The more boundaries and nationalities possessed by a state the higher the likelihood of conflict �Separatist movements �Regionalism �External threats

Types of Borders • Physical boundaries: ▫ Utilize natural landforms to create separations �Rivers, lakes, mountains, etc….

Types of Borders • Geometric Borders: ▫ Straight lines that create separation and are unrelated to landforms or culture

Types of Borders • Ethnic borders: ▫ Borders that attempt to reflect the cultural differences of the people living in a particular area �Often result in ethnic enclaves and exclaves • Religious/Language borders ▫ Boundaries that divide different religious groups or language families

Enclaves and Exclaves ENCLAVES EXCLAVES • Territories completely surrounded by another country but are culturally/ethnically different • Regions that are geographically separated from the rest of the country but not wholly surrounded by one state

Subsequent vs. Antecedent Boundary SUBSEQUENT BOUNDARY ANTECEDENT BOUNDARY • A boundary that is established after the settlement with an attempt to accommodate cultural differences. • A boundary that already existed before the present settlement in that area occurred. • Developed with the evolution of the cultural landscape and is adjusted as the cultural landscape changes. • The cultural landscape emerged and stayed in place while people moved in to occupy the surrounding area.

Relict Boundaries • A political boundary that has ceased to function but the imprint of which can still be detected on the cultural landscape ▫ Berlin

Superimposed Boundary • A political boundary placed by powerful outsiders on a developed human landscape

Fortified Boundaries • The creations of walls/barriers to either prevent foreigners from getting in , or its citizens from getting out

Maritime Boundaries • Division of different claims to the oceans around the shores of the country ▫ Generally accepted to be 200 nautical miles ▫ Water equally divided among countries located close to each other

Homework • Boundary Homework ▫ Review of vocabulary �A few new terms that are not in your book so you will need to look them up online ▫ Finding examples of different boundaries ▫ Identify the advantages and disadvantages of different kinds of boundaries • DUE: Thursday, Dec. 3