Classification of Living Organisms Why do we want

  • Slides: 33
Download presentation
Classification of Living Organisms Why do we want to do this?

Classification of Living Organisms Why do we want to do this?

Carolus Linnaeus • Swedish • System of naming organisms – 2 kingdoms originally •

Carolus Linnaeus • Swedish • System of naming organisms – 2 kingdoms originally • Binomial nomenclature 2 name naming system • Changed to 5 kingdoms, then 3 Domains

How to write a scientific name • • 1 Capitalize 1 st word (genus)

How to write a scientific name • • 1 Capitalize 1 st word (genus) 2 Lower case for 2 nd word (species) 3 Underline or italicize Examples: – Homo sapiens – Pan troglodytes • Next time genus can be abbreviated to 1 st letter H. sapiens

3 Domain Naming system • Domain - Bacteria Archaea Eukarya • Kingdom - Used

3 Domain Naming system • Domain - Bacteria Archaea Eukarya • Kingdom - Used to be • Monera (Bacteria); Protista; Fungi; Plantae; Animalia • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

Pneumonic Device • • Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species • •

Pneumonic Device • • Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species • • Dumb King Phillip Came Over For Great Sex

New vs Old

New vs Old

3 Domains

3 Domains

5 Kingdoms Animalia Plantae Common ancestor Monera Fungi Protista

5 Kingdoms Animalia Plantae Common ancestor Monera Fungi Protista

Example 1 • • Domain - Eukarya Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Chordata Class

Example 1 • • Domain - Eukarya Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Chordata Class Mammalia Order Cetacea Family Delphinidae Genus Orcinus Species orca

Example - Humans • • Domain - Eukarya Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Chordata

Example - Humans • • Domain - Eukarya Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Chordata Class Mammalia Order Primata Family Hominidae Genus Homo Species sapiens

Characteristics of 5 Kingdoms • Monera (Bacteria) -Single celled Prokaryotic Binary Fission (reproduction) •

Characteristics of 5 Kingdoms • Monera (Bacteria) -Single celled Prokaryotic Binary Fission (reproduction) • Protista -Eukaryotic Single or Multicelled Producers, consumers or decomposers • Fungi -Multicellular (usually) Eukarytotic decomposer • Plantae -Multicellular Eukarytotic producer • Animalia -Multicellular Eukarytotic consumer

How we are all related

How we are all related

Domain Archaea • Unicellular • Prokaryotes • Lacks peptidoglycan in cell wall (Gram -)

Domain Archaea • Unicellular • Prokaryotes • Lacks peptidoglycan in cell wall (Gram -) • Extreme living – probably poor competitors Ø Thermophiles – heat loving (Deep sea Thermal vents) Ø Halophiles – salt loving (Dead sea, Great Salt Lake) Ø Methanogens – produce methane Ø Sulfur producing

Domain Bacteria • • Unicellular Prokaryotes Has peptidoglycan in cell wall (Gram +) Can

Domain Bacteria • • Unicellular Prokaryotes Has peptidoglycan in cell wall (Gram +) Can be colonial or filamentous Ø Blue green (algae) Cyanobacteria Ø Chemoautotrophs (probably first cells ever) Ø Nitrogen fixing bacteria

Domain Eukarya • Kingdom Protista • Single or Multicelled • Eukaryotic Ø Fungus-like (decomposers)

Domain Eukarya • Kingdom Protista • Single or Multicelled • Eukaryotic Ø Fungus-like (decomposers) end in –mycota Slime molds and water molds Ø Animal-like (consumers) move by Cilia Flagella or Pseudopodia Ø Plant-like photosynthetic (producers) Diatoms Dinoflagellates or Algae. Red; Green; Brown; or (Golden)

Domain Eukarya • Kingdom Fungi • Multicelled (usually) • Eukaryotic • Nucleus and Cell

Domain Eukarya • Kingdom Fungi • Multicelled (usually) • Eukaryotic • Nucleus and Cell wall - chitin • Decomposer Ø Zygomycota – molds Ø Basidiomycota – Club fungus(Mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi, rusts, smuts) Ø Ascomycota – Sac fungi, morels, truffles, yeast (most found in kitchen), lichens

Domain Eukarya • • • Kingdom Plantae Multicelled Eukaryotic Nucleus and Cell wall -

Domain Eukarya • • • Kingdom Plantae Multicelled Eukaryotic Nucleus and Cell wall - cellulose Producer - photoautotroph Ø Bryophytes (Moss, liverwort, hornwort) Ø Pteridophytes (Club moss, horsetail, fern) Ø Gymnosperms (Ginkgo, cycad, gnetophyte, conifer) Ø Angiosperm (Dicot, Monocot)

Alternation of generations

Alternation of generations

Bryophytes • Live on land • No vascular tissue • Need water to reproduce

Bryophytes • Live on land • No vascular tissue • Need water to reproduce (swimming sperm, just like us) • Gametophyte generation dominant, sporophyte dependent Ø Moss Ø Liverwort Ø Hornwort

Gametophyte generation dominant

Gametophyte generation dominant

Pteridophytes • Live on land • Vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) • Reproduce with

Pteridophytes • Live on land • Vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) • Reproduce with spores Sori - spore producing structure (on ferns) Sporophyte dominant, gametophyte independent Ø Club moss Ø Horsetail Ø Fern

Gymnosperms • • Live on land Vascular tissue Seeds in cones Sporophyte dominant, gametophyte

Gymnosperms • • Live on land Vascular tissue Seeds in cones Sporophyte dominant, gametophyte dependent Ø Cycad Ø Ginkgo Ø Gnetophyte Ø Conifers (pine, spruce, fir, redwood, sequoia)

Angiosperms • • Most live on land (some freshwater, 7 marine) Vascular tissue Flowers

Angiosperms • • Most live on land (some freshwater, 7 marine) Vascular tissue Flowers Sporophyte dominant, gametophyte dependent Ø Dicots (shrubs, oak, maple trees) Ø Monocots (grasses, palm trees)

Dicot • Two cotyledons in seed • Branching veins in leaves • Flower petals

Dicot • Two cotyledons in seed • Branching veins in leaves • Flower petals – 4 or 5 (or multiples) • Vascular tissue in bundles in ring • Tap root Ø Oak, Maple, aspen trees Ø Shrubs Ø Most ornamental flowers

Monocot • Single cotyledon in seed • Parallel veins in leaf • Flower petals

Monocot • Single cotyledon in seed • Parallel veins in leaf • Flower petals – 3 (or multiples) • Vascular tissue in scattered bundles • Fibrous root ball Ø Grasses Ø Palms Ø Lily, orchid, iris

Habitats Living organisms Living organisms Humans Living organismsHabitats Living organisms Living organisms Humans Living organisms
Classification of Living Organisms Living organisms are classifiedClassification of Living Organisms Living organisms are classified
Classification of Living Things CLASSIFICATION CLASSES Classification CLASSIFICATIONClassification of Living Things CLASSIFICATION CLASSES Classification CLASSIFICATION
Diversity of Organisms and Classification Classification of OrganismsDiversity of Organisms and Classification Classification of Organisms
Diversity of Organisms and Classification Classification of OrganismsDiversity of Organisms and Classification Classification of Organisms
Classification of Organisms Classification of Organisms The studyClassification of Organisms Classification of Organisms The study
Structures Functions of Living Organisms Living Organisms WhatStructures Functions of Living Organisms Living Organisms What
Living Things Organisms Organisms are all living thingsLiving Things Organisms Organisms are all living things
REPRODUCTION IN LIVING ORGANISMS All living organisms showREPRODUCTION IN LIVING ORGANISMS All living organisms show
III Living Organisms A Properties of Living OrganismsIII Living Organisms A Properties of Living Organisms
Structures Functions of Living Organisms Living Organisms WhatStructures Functions of Living Organisms Living Organisms What
Unit 9 Taxonomy Living Organisms Living organisms areUnit 9 Taxonomy Living Organisms Living organisms are
SCIENCE AND DATABASES CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS CLASSIFICATION ClassificationSCIENCE AND DATABASES CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS CLASSIFICATION Classification
Classifying Organisms Classification Systems Classification Classification a wayClassifying Organisms Classification Systems Classification Classification a way
Classification of living organisms The modern classification ofClassification of living organisms The modern classification of
Animal Classification Classification of Animals Living organisms areAnimal Classification Classification of Animals Living organisms are
Classification of Living Organisms As living things areClassification of Living Organisms As living things are
Types of Organisms Unicellular Organisms vs Multicellular OrganismsTypes of Organisms Unicellular Organisms vs Multicellular Organisms
Types of Organisms Unicellular Organisms vs Multicellular OrganismsTypes of Organisms Unicellular Organisms vs Multicellular Organisms
Transgenic Organisms Definitions Genetically modified organisms GMOs OrganismsTransgenic Organisms Definitions Genetically modified organisms GMOs Organisms
Types of Organisms Unicellular Organisms vs Multicellular OrganismsTypes of Organisms Unicellular Organisms vs Multicellular Organisms
GMOs Genetically modified organisms or Transgenic Organisms organismsGMOs Genetically modified organisms or Transgenic Organisms organisms
Transgenic Organisms What are Transgenic Organisms Transgenic organismsTransgenic Organisms What are Transgenic Organisms Transgenic organisms
Classification Classification Classification Classification Features and labels GreenClassification Classification Classification Classification Features and labels Green