Structures Functions of Living Organisms Living Organisms What

Structures & Functions of Living Organisms

Living Organisms �What do you think is the largest living organism? �What do you think is the smallest living organism? �Make a list in your notebook of 5 of the largest and 5 of the smallest living things that you can think of.

What really is the smallest organism?

Single Celled Organisms �What characteristics do single celled (unicellular) organisms have in common?

Single Celled Organisms �How do unicellular organisms differ from one another?

Single Celled Organisms �What characteristics do unicellular organisms such as the ones you have just seen share with multicellular organisms such as birds, dogs, or humans?

Single Celled Organisms �How do these unicellular organisms get nourishment, water, and oxygen and get rid of waste?

Single Celled Organisms �How do unicellular organisms move?

Single Celled Organisms �How do unicellular organisms reproduce?

Single Celled Organisms �A CELL is the basic unit of life. �These single celled organisms are classified as PROTISTS. �Protists are unicellular EUKARYOTIC organisms. �Eukaryotic means cells that have membrane bound organelles. The organism’s DNA is found inside a nucleus.

Types of Single Celled Organisms �There are 3 major classes of Protists: �Animal-like protists �Plant-like protists �Fungus-like protists

Animal-like Protists �The PARAMECIUM is animal-like �It has short hair-like structures, called CILIA, that beat rapidly to move the paramecium along.

Animal-like Protists �The AMOEBA is animal-like �It moves and eats by extending it’s false foot to surround it’s food.

Plant-like Protists �The EUGLENA is plant-like. �It has CHLOROPLASTS which allow it to make it’s own food. �The process of making it’s own food is called PHOTOSYNTHESIS �A euglena moves by whipping it’s FLAGELLUM around.

This is a picture of a Euglena

Plant-like Protists �The VOLVOX is plant-like. �It is a type of green algae that can be found in groups called colonies. �Usually found in fresh water.

Lots of Organelles! �Organelles are like little organs for the cell, carrying out specific jobs for the cell to function properly. �Cell membrane: semi-permeable membrane that holds the cell together and allows gases to pass through it. �Cytoplasm: the liquid inside the cell �Contractile vacuole: moves water in and out of the cell �Food vacuole: where food is digested �Nucleus: where DNA is stored �Pseudopod: a “false foot” used for movement

Lots of Organelles! �Chloroplast: where photosynthesis occurs �Gullet & Mouth Pore: mouth-like area that takes in food �Eyespot: used to detect light for plant-like protists �Flagellum: whip-like tail used for locomotion �Cilia: hair-like structures along the outside of the cell used for locomotion �Oral groove: pushes food into a food vacuole for digestion �Anal pore: passes waste out of the cell

How can we see these things? �These organisms are MICROSCOPIC. �We need to use a microscope in order to see them. �Do you remember how to use a microscope? ?

TIME TO PRACTICE! �Now it’s your turn to practice your microscope skills! �Make sure to follow ALL directions on the lab sheet.