Chapter 4 Interdependence Among Living Organisms And The

Chapter 4 : Interdependence Among Living Organisms And The Environment

Interdependence Among living Organisms and the environment Interaction Between Living organisms ecosystem population Predatorprey communities Biological control Lion and deer Food chain Pyramid Of numbers photosynthesis Feeding Relationships And the flow Of energy Carbon dioxide Light Water chlorophyll symbiosis competition Food web commensalism parasitism mutualism Human activities Tree and fern A tree and A mistletoe Hermit crab And sea anemone Agriculture industry

4. 1 Interdependence Among Living Organisms Habitat v. Species v. Population v. Community v. Ecosystem v

Habitat • The natural home of an organism where it lives and reproduce

Examples :

Species • A similar organism or same characteristics

Population • The same species live and reproduce in a specific habitat

Examples :

Community • Different type of population live together in a specific habitat and interacting with one another

Examples :

Ecosystem • The interaction of the organisms (several community) with the environment in a habitat

Examples :

Interaction Between Living Organism 1. Prey-Predator 2. Symbiosis 2. 1. Commensalism 2. 2. Mutualism 2. 3. Parasitism 3. Competition

2. 1 Commensalism 2. Symbiosis 1. Prey Predator 2. 2 Mutualism Interaction Between Living Organism 3. Competition 2. 3 Parasitism

Predator: Prey: A living organism that hunts other living organism for food A living organism that is hunted by predators Prey - Predator Example 2: Example: Cat (predator) eats mouse (prey) Lion (predator) eats deer(prey)

Prey-predator Lion eat deer Cat eat mouse

APKBS 4 2011

APKBS 4 2011

Symbiosis 2. 1. Commensalism 2. 2. Mutualism 2. 3. Parasitism

Meaning: is an interaction between two different organisms where only one organisms benefits from the relationship. The other organisms is neither helped nor harmed. The organisms which benefits in commensalism is called the commensal. The organisms which is not affectedis called the host. Commensalism Example: Sea anemone (the host) uses poisonous to protect the clown fish(the commensal) from its predators. The sea anemone is neither helped nor harmed by the clown fish Example: The remora fish(the commensal) feeds on food scattered by the shark(the host). The shark neither helped nor harmed by the clown fish

commensalism Sea anemone with clown fish Remora fish with shark

Meaning: An interaction that benefits both organism Mutualism Example: Sea anemone obtains food and transport from the hermit crab whereas hermit crab is protected from its predators by the poisonous tentacles of the sea anemone Example 2: The fungus and the green algae live together in a lichen. The fungus provides water , protection and nutrients to the algae whereas the algae provides the fungus with food produced during photosynthesis

mutualism Sea anemone with hermit crab Mynah and buffalo lichen on Corylus

Meaning: An interaction in which one organism (the parasite) benefits but the others organism(the host) is harmed Example 2: Ticks and lice (parasite) live on the skin of mammals (hosts) and suck their blood. Parasitism Example: The tapeworm(the parasite) in the human’s intestine(the host) feeds on nutrients in the human’s blood whereas the human may suffer from abdominal pain , bloatin and diarrhoea

parasitism The tapeworm in the small intestine The ticks

Meaning: Competition takes place when organisms living in the same habitat compete to obtain common need such as shelter , water , mate , minerals , food or light Competition become stronger when the common needs in ecosystem are limited Competition Intra-specific competition is the competition between organisms of the same species , such as wolves compete for meat. Inter-specific competition is the competition between organisms of different species , such as crows and wolves compete for meats

PKBS 4 2011

competetion Deers compete for mate

CONTOH SOALAN PMR 2009

Biological control agent Pests controlled Owl Rat Dung beetle Bushfly, buffalo fly • Biological control has many advantages as compared to using pesticides. Some of them are 1. does not pollute the environment 2. does not kill other pests because natural enemies are used is cheap and safe to use

PMR 08

Soalan 3 – minta pendapat – jawab dalam sains PMR PMR PMR 05 – Smoking is dangerous to human health. 06 – suggest one way in which egg could be to float 07 – apakah kegunaan ubat gigi 08 – nak tentukan ketulinan air 09 – mengapa ikan gapi diletakkan didalam longkang 2010 – mengapa ikan paus perlu kerap timbul dipermukaan air

Terengganu 2011

FOOD WEBS PMR 03, 04, 07 � Producers, � � Producers Consumers and Decomposers are all green plants that make food through photosynthesis. � Consumers are animals that eat plants or other animals. � Decomposers are organisms that decompose dead organisms (animals or plants) and change them into simple substances. Examples of decomposers are bacteria and fungi. �

FOOD WEBS PMR 03, 04, 07 �A food web consists of several food chains that are interlinked. � The organisms in a food web interact with each other.

Food Chains PMR 06, PMR 2010

Pyramid of Numbers PMR 05, 06, 07, 2010 �A pyramid of numbers shows the number of organism at each link of the food chain. � From the base of the pyramid to the top ◦ the number of organisms decrease ◦ the size of the organisms increase ◦ more energy is lost

What is photosynthesis? �The term photosynthesis comes from two root words photo, which means “light”, and synthesis, which means putting together. �Photosynthesis is the process in which green plants use light to produce food. �Green plants manufacture glucose from water and carbon dioxide in the presence of sunlight in their chlorophyll. �Oxygen is released in the process. �The glucose is stored as starch in the plants.

Process Of Photosynthesis Carbon Dioxide Sun Light Water Glucose chlorophyll Sunlight Water Carbon Dioxide oxygen Oxygen

Respiration � Respiration is the oxidation of food in the body’s cell to release energy, carbon dioxide and water. Glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy

Pahang 2011

2. Buat inference untuk tumbuhan dalam serkup kaca P.

Kedah 12

Perlis 12

Cuba bandingkan… Perlis 12 Kelantan 12

Importance of Photosynthesis What is the importance of photosynthesis? Maintaining the normal level of oxygen in the atmosphere. Providing food to maintain a balanced ecosystem. Help plants to produce yield.

Experiment to test presence of starch during photosynthesis.

Experiment to test presence of starch during photosynthesis.

Melaka 2011

Terengganu 2011

Carbon Cycle

Check?

Penutup 1. Baca Surah Al-`Ashr 2. Tasbih Kifarah.