Diversity of Organisms and Classification Classification of Organisms
- Slides: 33
Diversity of Organisms and Classification
Classification of Organisms Kingdom Phylum / Division Class Order Family Genus Species
Species n The smallest group of organisms classified which can interbreed with each other to produce fertile offspring
Five Kingdom System n n n Bacteria Protists Fungi Animals Plants
Bacteria Kingdom n n Unicellular, microscopic No nucleus – Prokaryotic n No chlorophyll – Saprophytic or parasitic
Protist kingdom n n Unicellular; microscopic Nucleus present – Eukaryotic n Autotrophic or heterotrophic
Fungus kingdom n n Eukaryotic Made up of hyphae No root, stem and leaf No chlorophyll – Saprophytic or parasitic n Reproduce by forming spores
Animal Kingdom n n Eukaryotic Divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of backbone: – Invertebrates : without backbone – Vertebrates : with backbone
Invertebrate Coelenterates • 2 layers of cells • Have tentacles with sting cells • One opening
Flatworm • Long and flattened body • Free living or parasitic
Ringed worms • Long and segmented body • Have chaetae for locomotion
Roundwoms Long, cylindrical and segmented body Most of them are parasites
• Molluscs • Soft and unsegmented body • Covered by a hard shell
Echinoderms • Marine animals with 5 -radial plan body • Have external spines
Arthropods • Segmented body • Have a hard exoskeleton and several pairs of jointed legs • Divided into 4 classes 1. Crustaceans 2. Arachnids 3. Myriapods 4. Insects
Crustaceans
Arachnids
Myriapods
Insects
Vertebrates n Divided into 5 groups: – Fish – Amphibians – Reptiles – Birds – Mammals
Fish n n n n Aquatic Cold-blooded Body covered with wet and slimy scales Streamline body for easy movement through water Fins for balance and to control movement Gills for breathing External fertilization
Amphibians n n n Cold-blooded Moist, scaleless skin Limbs present – tetrapods n n Larvae (tadpoles) use gills for breathing; adults use lungs External fertilization
Reptiles n n n Cold-blooded Body covered with dry, hard scales Live on land Breathe with lungs Internal fertilization; lay shelled eggs
Birds n n n Warm-blooded With feathers and wings Beak for feeding Lungs for breathing Internal fertilization; lay shelled eggs
Mammals n n n Warm-blooded Hairs on skin Females have mammary glands for producing milk Lungs for breathing Diaphragm present Internal fertilization; embryos develop inside mothers’ bodies
Plant Kingdom n n Eukaryotic Most plants contains photosynthetic pigments (e. g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesis – Autotrophic n Can be divided into two groups: – Non-flowering plants – Flowering plants
Non-flowering plants n 4 groups: – Algae – Mosses – Ferns – Gymnosperms
Algae n n Aquatic May be unicellular or multicellular No root, stem or leaf Contain photosynthetic pigments (e. g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesis
Mosses n n n With simple leaves and stems No root; with rhizoids for anchorage and absorption of water Reproduce by spores No vascular tissues Found in damp area
Ferns n n n With true roots, stems, leaves and vascular tissues Reproduce by spores Live in damp places
Gymnosperms n Reproduction by producing seeds – Seeds develop in cones, not enclosed by fruits naked seeds n Needle-shaped leaves to reduce water loss
Angiosperms (Flowering plants) n n With flowers for reproduction Seeds are produced inside the fruit (matured ovary)
Two groups of flowering plants Cotyledons Dicotyledons Monocotyledons Two One Leaf venation Netted Parallel Root system Fibrous root system Tap root system
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