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: ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ کﺎﺭﺕ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ Chip cards Contact cards Dual interface cards Contactless cards

: ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ کﺎﺭﺕ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ Chip cards Contact cards Dual interface cards Contactless cards

DES encryption

DES encryption

Data Encryption Standard • DES developed in 1970’s • Based on IBM Lucifer cipher

Data Encryption Standard • DES developed in 1970’s • Based on IBM Lucifer cipher • U. S. government standard • DES development was controversial • NSA secretly involved • Design process was secret • Key length reduced from 128 to 56 bits • Subtle changes to Lucifer algorithm

DES Numerology • DES is a Feistel cipher with… • 64 bit block length

DES Numerology • DES is a Feistel cipher with… • 64 bit block length • 56 bit key length • 16 rounds • 48 bits of key used each round (subkey) • Each round is simple (for a block cipher) • Security depends heavily on “S-boxes” • Each S-boxes maps 6 bits to 4 bits

One Round of DES

One Round of DES

Advanced Encryption Standard • Replacement for DES • AES competition (late 90’s) • NSA

Advanced Encryption Standard • Replacement for DES • AES competition (late 90’s) • NSA openly involved • Transparent process • Many strong algorithms proposed • Rijndael Algorithm ultimately selected (pronounced like “Rain Doll” or “Rhine Doll”) • Iterated block cipher (like DES) • Not a Feistel cipher (unlike DES)

AES Overview • Block size: 128 bits (192 or 256) • Key length: 128,

AES Overview • Block size: 128 bits (192 or 256) • Key length: 128, 192 or 256 bits (independent of block size) • 10 to 14 rounds (depends on key length) • Each round uses 4 functions • Byte. Sub (nonlinear layer) • Shift. Row (linear mixing layer) • Mix. Column (nonlinear layer) • Add. Round. Key (key addition layer)

AES Byte. Sub q Treat 128 bit block as 4 x 6 byte array

AES Byte. Sub q Treat 128 bit block as 4 x 6 byte array • Byte. Sub is AES’s “S-box” • Can be viewed as nonlinear (but invertible) composition of two math operations

AES “S-box” Last 4 bits of input First 4 bits of input

AES “S-box” Last 4 bits of input First 4 bits of input

AES Shift. Row • Cyclic shift rows

AES Shift. Row • Cyclic shift rows

AES Mix. Column q Nonlinear, invertible operation applied to each column • Implemented as

AES Mix. Column q Nonlinear, invertible operation applied to each column • Implemented as a (big) lookup table

AES Add. Round. Key q XOR subkey with block Block Subkey • Round. Key

AES Add. Round. Key q XOR subkey with block Block Subkey • Round. Key (subkey) determined by key schedule algorithm

: ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ Information Security - Principles adnd Practice - 2 nd Edition 2011 Introduction-to-Computer-Security

: ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ Information Security - Principles adnd Practice - 2 nd Edition 2011 Introduction-to-Computer-Security www. wikipedia. org/wiki/Smart_card www. wikipedia. org/wiki/DES گﺮﺩآﻮﺭﻧﺪﻩ)ﻋﻠی - کﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎی آﻦ ﻭﺍﻣﻨیﺖ ﺩﺭآﻨﻬﺎ , ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳی کﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎی ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ ( ﺗﻮﺳﻠی ü ü ü

Questio n

Questio n

Contactless Fare Media System Standard Part 2 ContactlessContactless Fare Media System Standard Part 2 Contactless
INTERFACE DESIGN INTERFACE DESIGN INTERFACE INTERFACE DESIGN INTERFACEINTERFACE DESIGN INTERFACE DESIGN INTERFACE INTERFACE DESIGN INTERFACE
CHIP V RK CHIP TEORETISK CHIP PRAKTISK HvadCHIP V RK CHIP TEORETISK CHIP PRAKTISK Hvad
3 6 Double dual Dual of a dual3 6 Double dual Dual of a dual
DUAL BOOT Pengertian Dual Boot Dual boot adalahDUAL BOOT Pengertian Dual Boot Dual boot adalah
3 6 Double dual Dual of a dual3 6 Double dual Dual of a dual
Dual Enrollment What is Dual Enrollment Dual enrollmentDual Enrollment What is Dual Enrollment Dual enrollment
DUAL ENROLLMENT WHAT IS DUAL ENROLLMENT Dual enrollmentDUAL ENROLLMENT WHAT IS DUAL ENROLLMENT Dual enrollment
Contact strategy Contact Strategy What is it ContactContact strategy Contact Strategy What is it Contact
CONTACT LENSES CONTACT LENSES CONTACT LENSES Optical devicesCONTACT LENSES CONTACT LENSES CONTACT LENSES Optical devices
Contact Information Contact us anytime Our contact andContact Information Contact us anytime Our contact and
Note Cards vs Source Cards Source Cards YouNote Cards vs Source Cards Source Cards You
Bibliography Cards and Note Cards Bibliography Cards YouBibliography Cards and Note Cards Bibliography Cards You
Source Cards Note Cards and Outlines Source cardsSource Cards Note Cards and Outlines Source cards
Video Cards Integrated Video Cards Integrated video cardsVideo Cards Integrated Video Cards Integrated video cards
Source Cards and Note Cards SOURCE CARDS WhatSource Cards and Note Cards SOURCE CARDS What
Source Cards and Note Cards Source Cards ContainSource Cards and Note Cards Source Cards Contain
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Interface Scratch Slide 3 Interface Scratch 1 InterfaceInterface Scratch Slide 3 Interface Scratch 1 Interface
Actuator sensor interface Aktuator sensor interface Interface actionneurActuator sensor interface Aktuator sensor interface Interface actionneur
Interface Interface When you talk about the interfaceInterface Interface When you talk about the interface
Network Interface Network Interface 1 Interface 1 SPARCNetwork Interface Network Interface 1 Interface 1 SPARC
Administrative Domain Reqest Interface access interface Response InterfaceAdministrative Domain Reqest Interface access interface Response Interface
interface subject interface Observer interface Display Element registerinterface subject interface Observer interface Display Element register