Chapter 12 REUNIFICATION AND RENAISSANCE IN CHINESE CIVILIZATION

Chapter 12 REUNIFICATION AND RENAISSANCE IN CHINESE CIVILIZATION: THE ERA OF THE TANG AND SONG DYNASTIES DAY 1

Day 1

Chapter 9 Quiz

Homework �Complete Chapter 14 by Nov. 16/17 �Essay #2 Due by Nov. 16/17. �Day 1 Dialectical Journal: In Depth: Artistic Expression and Social Values (Due 11/10, 11/15) �Day 2 Dialectical Journal: In Depth: Comparing Feudalisms (Due 11/18, 11/19)

Essay #2 CAN BE FOUND ON THE CLASS WEBSITE.

Essay #2 Instructions �Choose ONE (1) of the following topics to write on. �Make sure I know which one you are writing on somewhere on your final draft. �I will only need the final draft submitted. �I encourage you to still follow the writing process (brainstorm, outline, first draft) and have a peer read over your work before you submit it for a grade. �Your essay is due NO LATER than Nov. 16/17.

Essay #2 Topics 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Explain the spread of science and technology across Eurasia due to the existence of Dar al-Islam. Compare the political institutions of two of the following empires: Tang-Song, Dar al. Islam, Western Europe, Byzantine Empire. Compare the technological and scientific achievements in two of the following societies: Classical China, Classical Rome, Classical India, Classical Africa. Include information about their level of technological development, the use of technology, and the societal attitude toward innovation. Compare the effects of three of the nomadic migrations of the following on the settled societies into which they migrated: Aztecs, Mongols, Turks, Vikings, Bantu. To what extent was the Indian Ocean region a coherent, connected “whole” in the postclassical era? Consider political, economic, social, and cultural examples. How did the consolidation of political empires in the post-classical empires affect the status of women? Choose two of the following to analyze: Tang – Song; Aztec; Mali and Songhay, Dar al-Islam, Mongol Khanates. Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of being a part of a tributary empire for (1) Japan, Korea, and Vietnam under the Chinese; (2) Russia under the Tartars; and (3) peoples of Central America under the Aztecs.

Comparing dynasties YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO ANALYZE AND EVALUATE THE DIFFERENCES AMONG THE CHINESE DYNASTIES. THE HISTORY OF THE TANG AND SONG DYNASTIES SHOULD BE STUDIED IN LIGHT OF THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE RENAISSANCE OF CHINESE CIVILIZATIONS. YOU SHOULD FOCUS ON THE ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL ASPECTS OF THESE DYNASTIES.

�Play The Chinese Dynasty Song. mp 4 C: Documents and SettingsMurph. JDDesktopAP World HistoryCourse Review

Chinese Dynasties: From beginning to Song… �Shang Dynasty 1766 BCE - 1027 BCE �Zhou (Chou) Dynasty 1122 BCE -256 BCE �Qin (Ch’in) Dynasty 221 BCE - 206 BCE �Han Dynasty 206 BCE - 220 AD �Sui Dynasty 589 AD - 618 AD �Tang Dynasty 618 AD - 907 AD �Sung (Song) Dynasty 969 AD - 1279 AD

Shang Dynasty 1766 BCE - 1027 BCE �First organized river society Huang He river �Introduced writing on oracles bones �Local trade �Ancestor worship �Bronze age

Chou (Zhou) Dynasty 1122 BCE -256 BCE �Feudal regional China �“Warring period” � 100 Schools of Philosophy = 3 new philosophies Legalism Taoism Confucianism �Iron age

Ch’in Dynasty 221 BCE - 206 BCE �Shi Huang di �Unified China using legalism �Cruel to Confucians �Great Wall �Terra Cotta army �Standardized money, weights, roads �Centralized power

Han Dynasty 206 BCE - 220 AD �Classical Age of China �Inventions (paper) �Confucian civil service begins, �Wealthy traders �Extend Great Wall �Silk Road �Excellent art �Public school �Conquered by Huns

Sui Dynasty 589 AD - 618 AD �After 300 years of regional rule in China �Re-unite a smaller China �Grand Canal �Granaries to feed the poor �Legalist �Very much like the Ch’in

Tang Dynasty 618 AD - 907 AD �Confucian �Conquer more territory in China and Korea �Influence in Japan �Inventions Printing press Gunpowder �Landscape painting �Buddhist increase in numbers

Song Dynasty 969 AD - 1279 AD �Merchant society �Urban life increases �Rich �Confucian and Buddhist �Lots of trade along Silk Road �Crushed by Mongols

Summarize the effects of the renaissance of Confucianism during the Tang-Song era.

Effects of the renaissance of Confucianism �The Confucian renaissance permitted the restoration of imperial government particularly the establishment of a centralized bureaucracy that was necessary for the maintenance of the examination and education system the development of public works and the administration of all levels of local government.

Effects of the renaissance of Confucianism �But the development of neo-Confucianism occurred at the cost of an effective military: China became increasingly vulnerable to outside attack. �Its development also placed an increasing emphasis on traditional Chinese philosophy at the expense of outside influence and innovation. Ethnocentrism � the belief in the inherent superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture. Xenophobia � an unreasonable fear or hatred of foreigners or strangers or of that which is foreign or strange.

Effects of the renaissance of Confucianism �The attack on Buddhism, for one, diminished Chinese willingness to accept foreign ideas. �The renaissance had a negative influence on the status of women. Why? �Also diminished Chinese innovation in commerce with the outside world.

Generalize the proposition that the Tang-Song era was at the same time both innovative and conservative. GRAPHIC ORGANIZER?

Tang-Song era was innovative and conservative. �The Chinese followed tradition by restoring the emphasis on an imperial centralized government that relied on a trained scholar-gentry class. �Similarly, the restoration of Confucianism as the central ideology of the state was accompanied by the persecution of Buddhism. �There also was a heavy emphasis on a social structure of the interlocking hierarchies associated with Confucianism.

Tang-Song era was innovative and conservative. Among aspects stressed were: �the role of the scholar-gentry �agricultural reform benefiting the peasantry �male-dominated households in which the position of women deteriorated �lack of status for merchants �the development of art forms heavily dependent on nature and Confucian themes of harmony.

Tang-Song era was innovative and conservative. Innovation showed in: �the integration of southern China with northern regions �the development of agricultural productivity in the South �the increasing sophistication in market organization and commercial practices Paper money Credit �technological sophistication military use of gunpowder the compass movable type the abacus new engineering agricultural advances

Essay #1 Peer Grading

Independent/Group Study Time END OF DAY 1

Chapter 13 THE SPREAD OF CHINESE CIVILIZATION: JAPAN, KOREA, AND VIETNAM DAY 2

Homework �Complete Chapter 14 by Nov. 16/17 �Essay #2 Due by Nov. 16/17. �Collect Dialectical Journal: In Depth: Artistic Expression and Social Values �Day 2 Dialectical Journal: In Depth: Comparing Feudalisms (Due 11/18, 11/19)

Chinese influences on other cultures

Chinese influences on other cultures �Be aware that cultural exchanges in East Asia took place in isolation from the rest of the world. �The major influence in the region was China. �In your notes, track the extent of Chinese influences in Korea, Vietnam, and Japan.

Chinese influences on other cultures �In general, the upper classes of all three regions modeled their societies on the Chinese, but Japan, which, unlike Korea and Vietnam, never came under Chinese rule, was more selective in adapting Chinese ways to its own culture. �The Vietnamese adapted culture traits from both China and India, whereas Korea, which was ruled by China, had the greatest mix of Chinese and local culture traits.

Describe the effect of the shifting dynastic fortunes in China on the relationship of China to Japan, Korea, and Vietnam.

Relationship of China to Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. �Which of the three states was the least affected by Chinese political developments? Why? �Periods of cultural exchange were strongest during the expansive phase of Chinese dynasties. �Satellite civilizations were able to win independence and reject Chinese models during the eras of civil disruption between dynastic governments.

Relationship of China to Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. �The conquests of Vietnam and Korea first occurred during Han times. �Korea gained independence in the early Tang period after the collapse of the Sui. Vietnam won independence after the fall of the Tang.

Relationship of China to Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. �Of the three regions, Japan is the least affected by internal Chinese developments. It never was part of the Chinese empire and was able to accept or reject Chinese influences. �The growing authority of regional warlords in Japan led to a reduction in Chinese cultural influence. Since it was linked to the central government and Confucian bureaucracy.

Compare the degree of Sinification in Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. SINIFICATION: LINGUISTIC ASSIMILATION OR CULTURAL ASSIMILATION OF TERMS AND CONCEPTS OF THE LANGUAGE AND CULTURE OF CHINA.

Sinification: Korea �Korea was the most Sinified, although Chinese influence was limited to the aristocratic elite. �The Koreans into the 20 th century had to accept Chinese political dominance and pay a tribute. They were heavily influenced by: � Chinese art � Writing � Confucian bureaucracy � commercial practices and goods

Sinification: Vietnam � Vietnam was in the middle. � It was under Chinese rule from Han times to the 10 th century. � A Confucian bureaucracy was established that was dominated by the aristocracy. Chinese agricultural and military organization were followed. � The effect of Chinese culture separated the Vietnamese from the more Indianized indigenous peoples of southeast Asia. North Vietnam became closer to China and South Vietnam became closer to India. Which supported Communism and which supported Democracy in the Vietnam War? � After the 10 th century, Chinese influence declined. � The scholar-gentry lost influence to local village leaders and Buddhist monks.

Sinification: Japan �Japan was the least affected. �Many Chinese influences came early: Confucian ideas and bureaucracy Script Art Buddhism But because of their political independence, the Japanese were able to select among elements of Chinese culture.

Sinification: Japan �Chinese influence declined after the Taika reform failures and the rise of the aristocracy. The Taika reforms of 646 represented the culmination of centuries of Japanese borrowing from China and attempted to remake the Japanese monarch into an absolute ruler. The purpose of the Taika reforms was to create a genuine professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army in Japan to match those of Han-Tang China. �An end to centralized bureaucracy and a decline in Confucian influence went along with a revival of indigenous culture combining Buddhism with Shintoism: Japanese religion that provided for worship of political rulers and spirits of nature. This was the basis for the worship of the Japanese emperor as a religious figure.

PRACTICE FOR THE AP EXAM:

PRACTICE FOR THE AP EXAM: �If an essay prompt begins with “Discuss, ” be careful not to think of the prompt as calling for a generic open-ended discussion of the topic. �This is one of the hardest prompts to deal with, because it gives very little or no help in how to frame your thesis. Students frequently mistake these questions for easy ones and fail to create and prove a solid thesis. �To deal with a “Discuss” prompt, look at the topic from all sides and then come to some conclusion about the importance of the topic. Make sure that you have a solid, provable thesis with a solid, logical organization so that you do not end up rambling.

ASSESSMENT

�As we learn about more cultures, it becomes possible for us to make more and more meaningful comparisons among cultures. �One of the topics listed in the Acorn book that we should be able to analyze is gender systems and changes. �We are going to compare and contrast the treatment of women among the Greek, Roman, Indian, African, and Chinese civilizations. �We will create a table on the board listing the civilizations and relevant data. �Copy the chart for reference when studying for the AP* test.

Treatment of Women Greek Roman Indian African Chinese