Chapter 17 Renaissance and Reformation 1350 1600 Section

Chapter 17 Renaissance and Reformation 1350 -1600

Section 1 The Spirit of the Renaissance • Renaissance: Period of cultural achievement from the 14 th to 16 th centuries. “Renaissance” comes from the French word for “rebirth. ” • The Renaissance began about _______ in northern ______ city-states. • The Italian city of _______ flourished during this time from the Medici family, especially _____ __ ______.

• Scholars of the Renaissance focused on ______, which are subjects concerned with humankind and culture, not science. These include: language, literature, composition, history, and music. • One of the most important figures was in the study of humanities was _____________. • Politics: Niccolo _______ wrote guidelines as to the way rulers should rule. He believed that actions must be judged only by their ____. • Role of Women: women became more ______, but still had little role in politics.

• Printing Press: developed in the 1450’s and allowed mass production of books and other publications. • The first book printed was a copy of the Bible printed by a German, ____________. • The Northern Renaissance: occurred in France, England, Germany, and the Netherlands. • The two most important figures of the Northern Renaissance were Desiderius _____, who argued the Church had become greedy, and Sir Thomas _______ who wrote of a perfect society in his book ______.

Printing Press, Gutenberg Bible, Sir Thomas More

Section 2 Renaissance Literature and Art • Literature: • Cervantes – mocked medieval chivalry in his book _________. • Shakespeare – possibly the Renaissance’s greatest and most influential writers. • Renaissance Art: • Focus on ______, which emphasizes the uniqueness of each individual. • Raphael – famous for his ______, pictures of Mary, the mother of Jesus. • Michelangelo – responsible for the Sistine Chapel. • Leonardo da Vinci – Famous works such as the _______ and the Last Supper.

William Shakespeare, Titus Andronicus, Raphael, Madonna, Michelangelo, Sistine Chapel, Leonardo da Vinci, The Mona Lisa, The Last Supper

Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles

The Reformation • Reformation – a movement to reform the Church, led by religious thinkers that challenged the Church’s authority, known as _______. • Need for Church Reform: many believed the Church became greedy and focused too much on wealth and vanity than the original mission. This corruption was emphasized with the Churches selling of _______, which were pardons in return for money.

• Birth of Protestantism - __________ began to challenge the Church’s authority publicly. On October 31, 1517, he nailed a list of grievances on the door of a church, attacking the sale of indulgences. For this, he won followers but was later _________ in 1521. • Spread of Protestantism – Luther’s teachings, along with the availability of a printed Bible, led many to challenge the Church. • In 1555, a treaty called the _________ ended religious fighting in Germany, and allowed German princes to decide which religion to follow. Many chose to become Lutheran, following Luther’s teachings.

Martin Luther

• Calvinism – based on the teachings of _________. The ideas are similar to Luther’s in that the Bible should be supreme authority, but introduced the idea of ________, which is the belief that certain people were chosen by God for salvation. • English Protestantism – this was closely related to politics. ____ ___ ruled England from 1509 -1547. Wanting a heir to his throne, he sought a divorce from his wife to marry Anne Boleyn, but the Church opposed divorce. Henry broke away from the Church to form the _________, and the parliament passed the _______, making Henry the head of the Church. After Henry’s death, his son took over, but died shortly after. It wasn’t until 1571, when _______ ___ took the throne that England returned to Protestantism.

John Calvin, Henry VIII, Six Wives of Henry VIII, Elizabeth I

• The Counter-Reformation – The Church sought to reform and strengthen the spread of the Catholic religion. • The Council of ____ - a meeting of Church officials to discuss reforms. The banned indulgences and tightened discipline for the clergy. The Church also imprisoned an executed Protestants. Many also sought to bring more people into the religion, hence the Society of Jesus was formed. These Jesuits sought to convert many, and bring back many protestants to the Catholicism.