Building Bharat Mahan Prosperous Powerful Intellectual Ethical India

Building Bharat Mahan Prosperous, Powerful, Intellectual & Ethical India DR T. H. CHOWDARY Director: Center for Telecom Management and Studies Chairman: Pragna Bharati (intellect India Fellow: Tata Consultancy Services Ltd. ) Director: SIFY, Terasoft and Softsol Former: Chairman & Managing Director Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited & Information Technology Advisor, Government of Andhra Pradesh T: +91(40) 6667 -1191(O) 2784 -3121® F: +91 (40) 6667 -1111 hanuman. chowdary@tcs. com

Share of World’s GDP * India China Japan USA Europe Rest of the World 1 AD 33 27 1 0 14 25 1500 AD 25 25 3 0 21 26 1820 AD 15 33 3 2 27 20 1870 AD 12 17 2 9 38 22 1913 AD 8 8 4 21 39 20 1950 AD 4 5 3 28 31 29 1973 AD 3 5 8 23 29 32 2001 AD 4 7 8 23 21 37 2008 AD 6 13 7 21 19 34 *(in%) THC_ CTMS 2 (Source: Economic Times, 29/1/08)

India was not poor! (1) India’s Share in World Trade Year Wealth Trade 1701 22. 6% 25% 1947 4. 0% 2. 4% 1990 3. 0% 0. 4% 2006 3. 5% 1. 8% THC_ CTMS 3

India was not poor! Share of World’s Industrial Production INDIA BRITAIN 1830 17. 5 9. 6 1900 1. 7 18. 6 THC_ CTMS 4

World Population and the Poor Year 1820 1980 2007 Population 1. 1 billion 5 billion 6. 5 bln THC_ CTMS % of the Poor 85% 30% 20% 18% 5

S & T for Wealth Creation World GDP per Person, 1000=100 4500 4000 Source: Angus Maddison; J. P. Morgan 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 1200 1400 1600 THC_ CTMS 1800 2000 0 6

Time taken to double the per capita income (2) GDP Growth Population Time taken 3. 5% 2. 8% 70 Y 6. 5% 1. 8% 15 Y 10. 0% 1. 0% 7 Y THC_ CTMS 7

Prosperous, Powerful & Intellectual • Prosperous: Sareeramaadyam Khalu dharma Saadhanam None respects a poor person/country India in 1962 • Powerful: Japan, Germany are very prosperous; no influence anywhere. • Intellectual: Prosperity & power cannot be sustained w/o creating intellectual prosperity; R & D; How Japan, Korea and now China graduate to become intellectual powers. THC_ CTMS 8

Power • • • What happened in 1962 & 1971 contrasts India was defended outside India. Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Afghanistan, Gulf India is “ringed” by China Chanukya! Mandala Neeti “ Your neighbour is your enemy Your neighbour's neighbour is your friend Your neighbour's, neighbour's neighbour is your alley” Imperial Chola's – Sailendra, Sri Vijaya Kingdoms, Kampuchea; Angorvat (Onkar Vatika) Adm. Angre of Marathas worsted the Siddis off Karwar/Panaji Five Glorious Epochs The Mahabharata war About 3100 years BC THC_ CTMS Nuclear weapons, starwars Missiles, anti-missiles; Theater 9

Engineering & Business Professionals / year Engineers* MBAs MCAs 650, 000 ( 50, 000 in USA) 90, 000 60, 000 ( 350, 000 in USA) • About 100, 000 are ICT-related • We produce 3. 75 mln grads/year; 18% are science grads • Young 17 Y/22 Y to are in Varsities: Asian AV 15%; world AV: 30% THC_ CTMS 10

How Equipped is India for Higher Education *Suggest: Begin having a University for each District * Every Private Engineering College should be required to grow into a University within 8 years of wind up. • Corporates to found. fund ‘Varsities’. • In India we have 8. 8 mln. or 5% of the young in the age group 18 to 23 yrs. in Universities THC_CTMS S 441_March 10 11

S &T Personnel (per 1000 persons) THC_ CTMS 12

India as base of R&D • Foreign companies setting up Development centers in India • Texas Instruments, Motorola, QUALCOM; HUAEI, ZTE, Microsoft, Alcatel, Siemens, Huawi • Pharma companies too • Chemical companies ( eg: Dupont) • 150 of Fortune 500 have R&D centers in India THC_ CTMS 13

Foreign Companies Engaging Indian intellect • GE – Largest R&D center outside USA is in India in Bangalore with 2300 researchers, double that in Shanghai • GE put in $ 80 mln in the Bangalore R&D facility • GE’s Bangalore R&D field for 260 patents in the USA (37 already approved) • Boeing USA is outsourcing Aircraft design to Russia ( $ 120/ Hr) • Russians are outsourcing parts of the design to HAL (BG) at $ 30/Hr • Gorbachev went to USA to recommend Moscow as Bangalore’s rival! • An Indian retained does the work of 2 or 3 Europeans; does not take 6 weeks of holidays & costs one-fourth THC_ CTMS 14

Some foreign companies’ employees in India GE Caps GE Dev IBM Oracle EDS Texas 16, 000 1, 800 10, 000 6000 3, 500 900 Intel JP Morgan HUWAI Siemens Motorola 1, 700 1, 200 1, 500 2000 1, 500 THC_ CTMS 15

Ten-Year Trend in Engineering and Technology Ph. D Degrees in the United States, China and India Source: The India Economy Review, 30 Sept 2007, Vol. 4; www. iipm. thiktank. com THC_ CTMS 16

Ten-Year Trend in Engineering and Technology Master’s Degrees in the United States, China and India (Actual and Estimated Data) Source: The India Economy Review, 30 Sept 2007, Vol. 4; www. iipm. thiktank. com THC_ CTMS 17

ETHICS !! • Ethical: Ravan was P, P&I but unethical, ignoble America has P, P & I but, Vietnam, Iraq? • USSR: Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Afghanistan- THC_ CTMS 18

Education • • • Vidya: Vid to know Discovering the divine potential Learning and excellence Guru as Guide, Father, friend and lover Continuous learning Vidyarthi Student THC_ CTMS 19

What is Education (1) • Education is a liberating force, enables the individual to rise form mere materiality to superior planes of intellectual and spiritual consciousness. • Education gives us accumulated lessons of heritage to carry it forward to posterity. • The past is our foundation, the present our material, the future our aim and summit. Each must have its due and natural place in a national system of education. – Sri Aurobindo THC_ CTMS 20

What is Education (2) We want that education by which character is formed, strength of mind is increased, the intellect is expanded and by which one can stand on one’s own feet. Education is the manifestation of the perfection already in man - Swami Vivekananda THC_ CTMS 21

What is Education (3) • I firmly believe the efficacy of the education as a panacea for our social evils - Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Education is the process of individual mind getting its full possible development…. It is a long school which losts a life time -Dr Zakir Hussain Vidyayaa Vindate Amritam Aatmanaa Vindate Veeryam -Deathlessness is attained by knowledge Valour is attained by self (discipline) THC_ CTMS 22

What is Education (4) – Education should address the problems of national development, particularly issues concerning selfreliance, economic growth, employment and social and national integration. – Education is visualised as an evolutionary force so that each individual is enabled to evolve from purely material consciousness towards superior planes of intellectual and spiritual consciousness -The Education Commission (1966) THC_ CTMS 23

What is Education (5) – Education aims at liberation - liberation from bondage and ignorance, backwardness and gravitational pulls of the lower human nature. Education should be so designed as to become a powerful carrier of the best of the heritage and it should, therefore, aim at transmitting to the new generations the lessons of the accumulated experiences of the past for further progress in the present and the future. Source: “Higher Education in India – Vision and Action” GOI’s paper for UNESCO Oct. 1998) THC_ CTMS 24

Training X Education • Animals can be trained (as in Circus); only humans can be educated. Preparation for examination by tutors, coaches, guides and teachers is not education; great performance like 98% marks in examinations is not education. Education has the following attributes in the inimitable words of great savants THC_ CTMS 25

Created equal: Grow unequal • All men are created equal. But their growth and accomplishments and status in life are mostly unequal. Some are even more equal than others in the ideals states that some political systems claimed to have established. (They have since vanished). THC_ CTMS 26

Inequality: Consequences of Difference in Education • Inequality in life arises due to the difference in education that is imparted in/acquired by children in the home, school, and the place of worship, (in Telugu ‘odi, badi, gudi’). THC_ CTMS 27

Instill Culture in Students • Obedience to unenforceable laws • Adding to the sum total of happiness • Memorising Satakas (Sumathi & Vemana) & Subhashitas (Bhartrihari) • Lincoln’s Letter to the Teacher of his son THC_ CTMS 28

Values in Bharatiya Vidya • Man cannot live by bread alone. - Bible • Na vittena Tarpaneeyo manushyah • Atmana vindate Veeryam -Katha Vidyaya vindate Amritam • Isa vasyamidam Jagat -Isha • Parasparam Bhavayansah -Gita Sreyo Paramavaapsyatha THC_ CTMS 29

What Values (1) • • • Aatmaupanyena sarvatra samam pasyati Itite gnaanamaakhyaatam. . . . Guhyaat guhyataram mayaa Etadaseshena vimrasya yathechasi, tathaa kuru - Bh. Gita 18: 62 No dogma freedom to think and act THC_ CTMS 30

What Values (2) • Respect for elders & others – Matru devo bhava……. Sravan Kumar……. • Lokasangraha • Patriotism (& nationalism) – Jananee Janma Bhoomischa Swargaadapi Gariyasi. . . – Kacha’s example THC_ CTMS 31

What Values (3) • “To develop fully your own character, you must know your country’s character. A plant partakes of the character of the soil in which it grows. You are a plant that is conscious, that thinks. You must study your soil – which is your country --- in order that you may be able to draw its strength up into your own strength”. – Dwight D. Eisenhover THC_ CTMS 32

What Values (4) • Therefore, teachers who are makers of men and visionaries for a country and nation, must give an inspiring account of the history of their country, their heritage, culture and heroes of the country to students, so that in addition to attaining excellence in whatever branch of study and knowledge they specialize, they also become architects and builders of a great nation. India had been one as scholarly sketched by the great historian, A L Basham in his book, “The Wonder That Was India” THC_ CTMS 33

Values: Entitlement, Employment & Entrepreneurship • • • You cannot bring about prosperity by discouraging thrift. You cannot strengthen the weak by weakening the strong. You cannot help the poor by destroying the rich. You cannot establish sound security on borrowed money. You cannot keep out trouble by spending more than you earn. You cannot build character and courage by taking away man’s initiative and independence. You cannot help men permanently by doing for them What they could do for themselves. ” - Abraham Lincoln (Source: Freedom First, May 1989) THC_ CTMS 34

Our own sages have exhorted students thus: • • • Om Sahanaavavatu, sahanu bhunaktu Sahaveeryam Karavaavahaih Tejasvinaavadheetamastu Maa Vidvishaavahaih, Om! Shantih, shantih! THC_ CTMS 35

How do we learn? • • • Paadam gurubhyah Paadam brahmachaaribhyah Paadam swamedhayaa Paadam kaalakramenacha Life-long learning for Life-long employability THC_ CTMS 36

The Oath Guru Administers I exhort you as follows: • Speak the truth. • Walk in the way of the duty • Neglect not the study of higher knowledge • Treat they teacher with respect and gratitude. • And fail not in taking upon thyself the burden of life THC_ CTMS 37

Happiness: (1) • The man that hath no music in himself Nor is not moved with concord of sweet sounds Is fit for treasons, stratagems and spoils The motious of his spirit are dull as night, And his affections dark as E rebus Let no such man be trusted - Shakespeare in Merchant of Venice THC_ CTMS 38

Happiness (2) Character of a Happy Life How happy is he born and taught That serveth not another’s will; Whose armour is honest thought, And simple truth his utmost skill; Whose passions not his masters are; Whose soul is still prepared for death, Untied unto the world by care Of public fame or private breath; Who envies none that chance doth raise Nor vice; who never understood How deepest wounds are given by praise; Nor rules of state, but rules of good; Who hath his life from rumours freed; THC_ CTMS 39

Happiness (3) Whose conscience is his strong retreat; Whose state can neither flatterers feed, Nor ruin make oppressors great; Who God doth late and early prayMore of his grace than gifts to lend And entertains the harmless day With a religious book or friend This man is freed from servile bands Of hope to rise or fear to fall; Lord of himself, though not of lands, And having nothing, yet hath all. -Sir Henry Wotton THC_ CTMS 40

DOGMA OR FREE THINKING • Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high; Where knowledge is free; Where the world has not been broken Up into fragments by narrow domestic walls; Where words come out from the depth of truth; Where tireless starving stretches its arms towards perfection; Where the clear street of reason has not lost its way into the dreary desert sand of dead habit; Where the mind is led forward by Thee into ever-widening thought and action Into that heaven of freedom, my father, let my country awake. -Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore THC_ CTMS 41

Success and Risk • Don’t keep forever on the public road, going only where other have gone. Leave the beaten path occasionally and dive into the woods. You will be certain to find something you have never seen before. It will be a little thing but do not ignore it. Follow it up; explore around it, one discovery will lead to another and before you know it, you will have something really worth thinking about Alexander Graham Bell THC_ CTMS 42

Success • Sow a thought and reap an act Sow an act, reap a habit Sow a habit, reap a character Sow a character, reap a destiny THC_ CTMS 43

Risk and Reward • I shall be telling with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence Two roads diverged in the woods and I I took the one less travelled by And that has made all the difference - Robert Frost THC_ CTMS 44

Lives of Great Men • Lives of great men all remind us We can make our lives sublime And, departing, leave behind us Foot prints on the sands of time – Long fellow THC_ CTMS 45

Auto-biographies/ Life story of great men • • • • • Lives of great men all remind us we may make our lives sublime and departing leave behind us foot prints on the sands of time. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Lee Kuan Yew Henry Ford Jamshedji Tata, Dhirubhai Ambani, G D Birla Khrushchev, Gorbachev Ben Gurion, Golda Meir Balagangadhar Tilak – Gita Rahasya Margaret Thatcher Irvine Shroedinger Andy Grove Einstein Oppenhammer Betrand Russel K M Munshi Rajaji M C Chagla THC_ CTMS 46

Dhanyawad: Thank You THC_ CTMS 47

BHARAT MAHAN! (Intellectuals estimate of India) • • India is the only country which never invaded any foreign country • “India conquered and dominated China culturally for 20 centuries without even having to send a single soldier across her border”. - HU SHIH, Former Ambassador of China to USA THC_ CTMS 48

BHARAT MAHAN! : Science & Technology Bhaskaracharya (5 th century AD) calculated the time taken by the earth to orbit the sun hundreds ofyears before the astromer Smart. Time taken by earth to orbit the sun: 365. 258756484 days. The art of Navigation was born in the river Sindh 6000 years ago. The very word Navigation is derived from the Sanskrit words NAV Gatih. The word navy is also derived from Sanskrit ‘Nou’ THC_ CTMS 49

BHARAT MAHAN! : Science & Technology Budhayana first calculated the value of pi, and he explained the concept of what is known as the Pythagorean Theorem. He discovered this in the 6 th century long before the European mathematicians. Algebra, trigonometry and calculus came from India. Sridharacharya propounded quadratic equations in the 11 th century. THC_ CTMS 50

BHARAT MAHAN! : Science & Technology The largest numbers the Greeks and the Romans used were 106 whereas Hindus used numbers as big as 1053 with specific names as early as 5000 BCE during the Vedic period. Even today, the largest used number is Peta: 1015. The place value system, the decimal system was developed in India in 100 BC. India invented the Number System. Zero was invented by Aryabhatta. THC_ CTMS 51

BHARAT MAHAN! : Science & Technology Sushruta is the father of surgery, 2600 years ago he and health scientists of his time conducted complicated surgeries like cesareans, cataracts, artificial legs, fractures, urinary stones and even plastic surgery and brain surgery. Usage of anesthesia was well known in ancient India. Over 125 surgical equipment was used. Deep knowledge of anatomy, physiology, etiology, embryology, digestion, metabolism, genetics and immunity is also found in many texts. THC_ CTMS 52

BHARAT MAHAN! : Science & Technology Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine known to humans. Charaka, the father of medicine consolidated Ayurveda 2500 years ago. Today Yoga and Ayurveda are fast regaining its rightful place in our civilization. The earliest reservoir and dam for irrigation was built in Saurashtra. According to Saka King Rudradaman I of 150 CE a beautiful lake aptly called ‘Sudarshana’ was constructed on the hills of Raivataka during Chandragupta Maurya’s time. THC_ CTMS 53

BHARAT MAHAN! “If I were to look over the whole world to find out the country most richly endowed with all the wealth, power and beauty that nature can bestow-in some parts a very paradise on earth - I should point to India. If I were to asked under what sky the human mind has most fully developed the choicest gifts, has most deeply pondered on the greatest problems of life, and has found solution of some of them which well deserve the attention even of those who have studied Plato and Kant - I should point to India. And if I were to ask myself from what literature we here in Europe, we who have been nurtured almost exclusively on the thought of Greeks and Romans, and of one Semitic race, the Jewish, may draw that corrective which is most wanted in order to make our inner life more truly human, a life not for this life only, but a transfigured and eternal life -- again I should point to India”. -MAX MULLER THC_ CTMS 54

BHARAT MAHAN! “India was the motherland of our race, and Sanskrit the mother of Europe’s languages; she was the mother of our philosophy; mother, through the Arabs, of much of our mathematics; mother, through the Buddha, of ideals embodied in Christianity; mother, through the village community, of selfgovernment and democracy. Mother India is in many ways the mother of us all”. -WILL DURANT THC_ CTMS 55

BHARAT MAHAN! “Whenever I have read any part of the Vedas, I have felt that some unearthly and unknown light illuminated me. In the great teaching of the Vedas, there is no touch of the sectarianism. It is of ages, climes, and nationalities and is the royal road for the attainment of the Great Knowledge. When I am at it, I feel that I am under the spangled heavens of a summer night”. -HENRY DAVID THOREAU THC_ CTMS 56

Dhanyawad: Thank You THC_ CTMS 57