A salaried worker in the guild system journeyman

A salaried worker in the guild system. • journeyman

A wandering musician. • Troubadour

Pope Leo III proclaimed Charlemagne to be Emperor of the Romans because Charlemagne had … • Crushed a rebellion in Rome

The Truce of God required Christian nobles to … • Stop fighting between Friday and Sunday each week

What crop restored fertility to the soil in the three-field system of rotating crops? • legumes

An estate granted to a vassal by his lord. • fief

The Frankish leader who conquered the former Roman province of Gaul. • Clovis

Authority over all secular rulers. • Papal supremacy

To achieve salvation, medieval Christians believed that they must … • Receive the sacraments

What was a result of the Treaty of Verdun in 843? • Charlemagne’s heirs split his empire into three regions

A mounted warrior. • Knight

A document that set out the rights and privileges of a town. • charter

What commercial practice did Europeans adopt from the Muslim merchants with whom they traded? • The use of city charters

A peasant bound to the land. • serf

Marriage in noble society often included fierce negotiations over … • The land in the woman’s dowry

As a response to overcrowding, residents of medieval cities built … • Taller houses and shops

Under Benedictine Rule, monks and nuns took vows of … • Obedience, poverty, and chastity

Starting in the late 700 s, which group attacked Western Europe from the sea and broke the last threads of unity in Charlemagne’s empire? • Vikings

A trainee in the guild system. • apprentice

The founder of the first order of friars. • St. Francis of Assisi

What was a purpose of the missi dominici that Charlemagne sent throughout his kingdom? • They administered the law

Part of a vassal’s obligation under his feudal contract was to … • Serve in the military

Poor women who were not accepted as nuns in other religious orders were welcome to join the … • Beguines

What important step did King Clovis take in ruling his conquered lands in the late 400 s? • He converted to Christianity, the religion of the people in Gaul.

A vassal owed his first loyalty to his … • Liege lord

When the ownership of a manor was granted to a new lord, the serfs … • Remained on the land to serve the new lord

In the later Middle Ages, the Church … • Withdrew many rights that nuns had enjoyed

A medieval manor was … • A self-sufficient unit

Friars differed from other monks in that they … • Traveled and preached the Gospels

Chivalry was a … • Code of conduct for knights

What was the result of the Church reforms of Pope Gregory VII in 1073? • Only the Church could appoint Church officials, such as bishops

In the manor system, the peasants had to … • Stay on the land for life

The claim of papal supremacy held that … • The pope had authority over all kings and emperors

Feudalism developed a way for medieval societies to … • Protect themselves

The new middle class in medieval society included… • merchants