Work and Energy Physics 100 Chapt 5 Physicists
- Slides: 32
Work and Energy Physics 100 Chapt 5
Physicist’s definition of “work” dist∥ (n A s ot ca a lar ve ct or ) dist Work = F x dist∥
Atlas holds up the Earth But he doesn’t move, dist∥ = 0 Work= Fx dist∥ = 0 He doesn’t do any work!
Garcon does work when he picks up the tray but not while he carries it around the room dist is not zero, but dist∥ is 0
Why this r o t n c definition? ve atio A qu e Newton’s 2 nd law: A eq sca ua lar tio n F=m a Definition of work + a little calculus Work= change in ½mv 2 This scalar quantity is given a special name: kinetic energy
Work = change in KE This is called: the Work-Energy Theorem
Units again… Kinetic Energy = ½mv 2 work = F x dist∥ 2 m kg 2 s same! m N m =kg 2 m s =1 Joule
Work done by gravity end start dist∥ change in vertical height W=mg Work = F = x dist∥ -mg x change in height = -change in mg h
Gravitational Potential Energy Workgrav = -change in mgh This is called: “Gravitational Potential Energy” (or PEgrav) change Workgrav in = PE-change in PE grav = -Work grav
If gravity is the only force doing work…. Work-energy theorem: -change in mgh = change in ½ mv 2 0 = change in mgh + change in ½ mv 2 change in (mgh + ½ mv 2) = 0 mgh + ½ mv 2 = constant
Conservation of energy mgh + ½ mv 2 = constant Gravitational Potential energy Kinetic energy If gravity is the only force that does work: PE + KE = constant Energy is conserved
Free fall height (reminder) t = 0 s V 0 = 0 t = 1 s 80 m 75 m V 1 = 10 m/s 60 m t = 2 s V 2 = 20 m/s t = 3 s 35 m V 3 = 30 m/s t = 4 s V 4 = 40 m/s 0 m
m=1 kg free falls from 80 m t = 0 s V 0 = 0 h 0=80 m mgh 800 J ½ mv 2 sum 0 800 J 50 J 800 J t = 1 s V 1 = 10 m/s; h 1=75 m 750 J t = 2 s V 2 = 20 m/s; h 2=60 m 600 J 200 J 800 J 350 J 450 J 800 J t = 3 s V 3 = 30 m/s; h 3=35 m t = 4 s V 4 = 40 m/s; h 4=0 0 800 J
pendulum T W=mg Two forces: T and W T is always to the motion (& does no work) ┴
Pendulum conserves energy E=mghmax E=1/2 m(vmax)2
Roller coaster
Work done by a spring Relaxed Position F=0 F x I compress the spring (I do + work; spring does -work) Work done by spring = - change in ½ kx 2
Spring Potential Energy Workspring = -change in ½ kx 2 This is the: “Spring’s Potential Energy” (or PEspring) Workspring = -change in PEspring = -Workspring
If spring is the only force doing work…. Work-energy theorem: -change in ½ kx 2 = change in ½ mv 2 0 = change in ½ kx 2 + change in ½ mv 2 change in ( ½ kx 2 + ½ mv 2) = 0 ½ kx 2 + ½ mv 2 = constant
Conservation of energy springs & gravity mgh + ½ kx 2 + ½ mv 2 = constant Gravitational spring potential energy Kinetic energy If elastic force & gravity are the only force doing work: PEgrav + PEspring + KE = constant Energy is conserved
example grav PE Kinetic. E Spring PE
Two types of forces: “Conservative” forces that do + & – work “Dissipative” • Gravity • Friction • Elastic (springs, etc) • Viscosity • Electrical forces • … -work heat -work change in PE forces that only do – work (no potential energy. )
(-)Work done by friction heat
Thermal atomic motion Air solid Heat energy= KE and PE associated with the random thermal motion of atoms
Work-energy theorem (all forces) Workfric = Work done dissipative Forces (always -) change in (PE+KE) potential energy From all Conservative forces Kinetic energy -Work change in in heat energy Work -change fric = = fric -change = (PE+KE) in Heat Energy change in
Work – Energy Theorem (all forces) 0 = change in 0 = + (PE+KE) change in Heat Energy (Heat Energy+PE+KE) + PE + KE = constant Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy conversion while skiing Potential energy kinetic energy Friction: energy gets converted to heat
Units again Heat units: 1 calorie = heat energy required to raise the temp of 1 gram of H 2 O by 1 o C Kg m 2/s 2 1 calorie= 4. 18 Joules
Food Calories 1 Calorie = 1000 calories = 1 Kcalorie The Calories you read on food labels 1 Calorie= 4. 18 x 103 Joules 7 x 106 J 8 x 105 J 2 x 106 J
Power Rate of using energy: Units: Joule 1 second amout of energy Power = elapsed time = 1 Watt A 100 W light bulb consumes 100 J of electrical energy each second to produce light
Other units Over a full day, a work-horse can have an average work output of more than 750 Joules each second 1 Horsepower = 750 Watts
Kilowatt hours energy Power = time energy = power unit Elec companies use: x Kilowatts (103 W) x time unit = energy unit x hours (3600 s) 1 kilowatt-hour = 1 k. W-hr = 103 W x 3. 6 x 103 s = 3. 6 x 106 Ws J HECO charges us about 15 cents /k. W-hr
- 100 100 100 100 100
- Physics 03-06 impulse and momentum answer key
- Szaas
- Emiko's cat often meows
- Chapter 4 section 1 work and machines answer key
- Work energy power
- What is work energy theorem
- Sound energy
- Regents physics work power energy
- Joule units
- Physics 2204 unit 3: work, power, energy
- Describing energy section 2 answers
- Energy energy transfer and general energy analysis
- Energy energy transfer and general energy analysis
- Box plot gcse
- Big data on bare metal
- 120 nin yüzde 10 u kaçtır
- 200+200+100+100
- Malloc lab 100/100
- 1453-1337
- 100+100=200
- 200+100+300
- C/100=f-32/180=k-273/100
- What's 100 + 100
- 300+300+200+200
- 1000 en números romanos
- 100 200 300
- Physics 101 uiuc
- Physics 100 uiuc
- Why does it happen
- University physics with modern physics fifteenth edition
- Physics ia introduction
- What is physics energy