Unit Ecology Day 1 Ecosystems and Ecotones Ecosystems

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Unit: Ecology Day 1: Ecosystems and Ecotones

Unit: Ecology Day 1: Ecosystems and Ecotones

Ecosystems: What they are ○ Ecosystem○ Natural areas with common rainfall, temperature, flora and

Ecosystems: What they are ○ Ecosystem○ Natural areas with common rainfall, temperature, flora and fauna ○ Self-sustaining systems

U. S. Has 6 Major Ecosystems 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Coasts/Oceans Farmland

U. S. Has 6 Major Ecosystems 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Coasts/Oceans Farmland Forests Fresh waters Grass land/Shrub Land Urban/Suburban

Biotic Communities Plant community ○ ○ ○ Trees Shrubs Grasses Animal community ○ ○

Biotic Communities Plant community ○ ○ ○ Trees Shrubs Grasses Animal community ○ ○ ○ Mammals Birds Reptiles Microbial community ○ ○ ○ Fungi Bacteria Protists

Abiotic Factors ○ Non-Living ○ ○ ○ Amount of rain Temperature Salinity Elevation Type

Abiotic Factors ○ Non-Living ○ ○ ○ Amount of rain Temperature Salinity Elevation Type of soil Sunlight

Species A group of organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring in their

Species A group of organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring in their natural habitat One Individual

Population ○ The number of individuals that make up the interbreeding species in an

Population ○ The number of individuals that make up the interbreeding species in an area.

Community ○ All plants, animals, and microbes occupying an explicit unit of space and

Community ○ All plants, animals, and microbes occupying an explicit unit of space and interacting with each other.

Ecotone ○ In passing from one ecosystem to another, there may be a transitional

Ecotone ○ In passing from one ecosystem to another, there may be a transitional area that shares many of the species and characteristics of both ecosystems.

Examples of Ecotones ○ A group of interacting ecosystems. ○ ○ Coastal Wetlands Saltwater

Examples of Ecotones ○ A group of interacting ecosystems. ○ ○ Coastal Wetlands Saltwater bay Salt Marsh Estuary

Biomes ○ Similar or related ecosystems grouped together to form major ecosystems or biomes

Biomes ○ Similar or related ecosystems grouped together to form major ecosystems or biomes ○ Ex: Tropical Rainforests

Categories of organisms ○ Producers Photosynthesize ○ Autotrophs ○ Chlorophyll ○ ○ ○ Ex:

Categories of organisms ○ Producers Photosynthesize ○ Autotrophs ○ Chlorophyll ○ ○ ○ Ex: algae, grasses, Flowers, cacti, trees

Categories continued… ○ Consumers Eat Living things ○ Heterotrophs ○ ○ Examples: ○ ○

Categories continued… ○ Consumers Eat Living things ○ Heterotrophs ○ ○ Examples: ○ ○ ○ ○ Protists Bacteria Worms Fish Birds Mammals Insects

Detritus feeders ○ ○ ○ Fungi Mushrooms Bacteria

Detritus feeders ○ ○ ○ Fungi Mushrooms Bacteria

Decomposers & Detritivores ○ Break down organic matter into recyclable materials ○ Examples: ○

Decomposers & Detritivores ○ Break down organic matter into recyclable materials ○ Examples: ○ ○ termites earthworms fungi bacteria

Consumer Pyramid ○ Primary consumer ○ ○ Secondary consumer ○ ○ ○ Herbivores Feed

Consumer Pyramid ○ Primary consumer ○ ○ Secondary consumer ○ ○ ○ Herbivores Feed on primary consumers (carnivores) Omnivores ○ Feed on primary & secondary consumers

Predators, Parasites, Pathogens ○ Predator ○ ○ Parasite ○ ○ Organism that feeds on

Predators, Parasites, Pathogens ○ Predator ○ ○ Parasite ○ ○ Organism that feeds on other organisms Organism (plant or animal) becomes intimately associated with their prey (host). Feed on prey usually without killing it. Pathogen ○ Usually microbes that cause disease

Trophic relationships & food webs Feeding levels

Trophic relationships & food webs Feeding levels

Know This!!!!!!!

Know This!!!!!!!

Limits of Trophic Levels ○ ○ Biomass Total combined weight of all the organisms

Limits of Trophic Levels ○ ○ Biomass Total combined weight of all the organisms at each trophic level. Each level moving up loses 90% mass Biomass pyramid

Title • Text

Title • Text

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