Ecology Biomes and Ecosystems Ecosystems Matter and Energy

Ecology Biomes and Ecosystems

Ecosystems- Matter and Energy 2

Primary Production 3 http: //www. bigelow. org/foodweb/chemosynthesis. jpg

Primary Production made by Primary Producers Gross primary productivity is the total amount of energy that producers convert to chemical energy in organic molecules per unit of time. Then the plant must use some energy to supports its own processes with cellular respiration such as growth, opening and closing it’s stomata, etc. What is left over in that same amount of time is net primary productivity which is the energy available to be used by another organism. 4

Visualizing Matter & Energy There a variety of diagrams that help us visualize how energy, biomass, matter, and even number of organisms interact in a particular community or ecosystem. It is important that you look carefully at the diagrams and understand what it says about that ecosystem in terms of matter and/or energy. 5

PRIMARY PRODUCTION 6

NET PRODUCT PYRAMID 7

TROPHIC LEVEL HUMAN POPULATION 8

Biomass Pyramids • I think this slide should go up with the other pyramid slides even though it’s about populations 9

PYRAMID OF NUMBERS 10

ENERGY TRANSFORMATION 12

BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE 13

NITROGEN CYCLE 14

PHOSPHORUS CYCLE 15

WATER CYCLE 16

CARBON CYCLE 17

NUTRIENT CYCLING 18

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Now that we have examined the flow of energy and the cycling of matter, let’s examine biomes from the biosphere. 21

AQUATIC BIOME DISTRIBUTION 22

LAKE STRATIFICATION 23

ZONATION Marine Zonation Lake Zonation 24

FRESHWATER 25

WETLANDS & ESTUARIES Transitional Zones between freshwater and marine. This water tends to be a mix of both depending on its geographic location. The water is often referred to as brackish 26

Marine Biomes Coral Reef TIDE ZONE Benthos Black Smoker 27

TERRESTRIAL BIOMES 28

TROPICAL RAIN FOREST 29

SAVANNA 30

DESERT 31

CHAPARRAL- ALSO CALLED SCRUBLAND 32

TEMPERATE GRASSLANDS 33

TEMPERATE FOREST 34

TAIGA Also called Coniferous or Boreal Forest 1. precipitation usually snow 2. conifers like spruce, fir, hemlock 3. soil acidic and forms slowly 35

TUNDRA 36

BIOSPHERE 37

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A CYCLE IS OUT OF BALANCE? Cycles can have an anthropogenic (man-made) or a nonanthropogenic (natural phenomena) impact that causes a cycle to become unbalanced. Additionally, this may just be the natural state of that ecosystem as a consequence of the availability of nutrients. Two examples involving imbalanced freshwater habitats include: Oligotrophic waters- low primary productivity Eutrophic waters- high primary productivity 38

Oligotrophic Lake EUTROPHIC 39

EUTROPHICATION- THE ALGAL BLOOM 40

EXPERIMENTAL DATA The following data was collected from 14 different rivers in Virginia. Use the Station 1 data to calculate the Primary Productivity of a water sample. Report your answer in units of mg Carbon fixed/Liter The needed conversion factors are found on the student formula sheet 41

ANSWERS TO PREVIOUS SLIDES Station 1 4. 2 mg O 2/L 0. 698 = 2. 9 m. L O 2/L 0. 526= 1. 6 mg Carbon fixed/L 42