Ecology Unit What is ecology Ecology the scientific
- Slides: 34
Ecology Unit
What is ecology? Ecology- the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environments, focusing on energy transfer • It is a science of relationships
What do you mean by environment? The environment is made up of two factors: Biotic factors- all living organisms inhabiting the Earth Abiotic factors- nonliving parts of the environment (i. e. temperature, soil, light, moisture, air currents)
Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population Organism
Organism- any unicellular or multicellular form exhibiting all of the characteristics of life, an individual. • The lowest level of organization
Population-a group of organisms of one species living in the same place at the same time that interbreed and compete with each other for resources (ex. food, mates, shelter)
Community- several interacting populations that inhabit a common environment and are interdependent on one another
Ecosystem- populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact (ex. marine, terrestrial)
Biosphere- life supporting portions of Earth composed of air, land, fresh water, and salt water • The highest level of organization
“The ecological niche of an organism depends not only on where it lives but also on what it does. By analogy, it may be said that the habitat is the organism's ‘address’, and the niche is its ‘profession’, biologically speaking. ” Odum - Fundamentals of Ecology
Habitat vs. Niche - the role a species plays in a community, i. e. decomposer, predator, prey, scavenger, parasite Habitat- the place in which an organism lives out its life
Niche An organism’s niche is determined by it’s ability to get resources from the environment, avoid limiting factors, and avoid competition with similar and neighboring species Limiting factor- any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence of organisms in a specific environment
Limiting Factors Examples of limiting factors- • Availability of water • Availability of food • Temperature • Amount of living space • Competition • Predation
Feeding Relationships • There are 3 main types of feeding relationships 1. Producer- Consumer 2. Predator- Prey 3. Parasite- Host
Feeding Relationships Producer- all autotrophs (plants) that trap energy from the sun through the process of photosynthesis • Base of most food chains
Feeding Relationships Consumer- all heterotrophs that “eat” other organisms as food for energy § Herbivores § Carnivores § Omnivores § Decomposers
Feeding Relationships CONSUMER Herbivores – Eat plants • Primary consumers • Tend to be prey animals
Feeding Relationships CONSUMER Carnivores - eat meat • Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary consumers • Predators – hunt prey animals for food
Feeding Relationships CONSUMER Scavengers -feed on carrion and other dead animals • Feed from many different levels of the ecosystem depending on what animal has died
Feeding Relationships Consumer- Omnivores -eat both plants and animals
Feeding Relationships CONSUMER Decomposers • Breakdown the complex compounds of dead and decaying plants and animals into simpler molecules that can be recycled into the soil and reabsorbed by the roots of plants
Trophic Levels • Each link in a food chain is known as a trophic level • When an organism eats food, it is consuming both energy and matter (biomass) • Trophic levels represent a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem
Total Biomass- the amount of organic (living) matter comprising a group of organisms in a habitat, i. e. literally, the total weight of all individuals of a particular type of organism • As you move up a food chain, both available energy and biomass decrease • Energy is transferred through a food chain but is diminished with each transfer
E N E R G Y T R A N S F E R Trophic Levels Tertiary consumers- top carnivores Secondary consumerssmall carnivores Primary consumers- Herbivores Producers- Autotrophs
Trophic Levels Food chain- simple model that shows how matter and energy move through an ecosystem
Trophic Levels Food web- shows all possible feeding relationships in a community at each trophic level • Represents a network of interconnected food chains
Food chain (1 path of energy) Food web (all possible energy paths)
- Information gathered during an experiment
- How is a scientific law different from a scientific theory?
- Unit 10, unit 10 review tests, unit 10 general test
- Hình ảnh bộ gõ cơ thể búng tay
- Slidetodoc
- Bổ thể
- Tỉ lệ cơ thể trẻ em
- Chó sói
- Chụp phim tư thế worms-breton
- Chúa sống lại
- Môn thể thao bắt đầu bằng từ đua
- Thế nào là hệ số cao nhất
- Các châu lục và đại dương trên thế giới
- Cong thức tính động năng
- Trời xanh đây là của chúng ta thể thơ
- Mật thư anh em như thể tay chân
- Làm thế nào để 102-1=99
- độ dài liên kết
- Các châu lục và đại dương trên thế giới
- Thơ thất ngôn tứ tuyệt đường luật
- Quá trình desamine hóa có thể tạo ra
- Một số thể thơ truyền thống
- Cái miệng nó xinh thế
- Vẽ hình chiếu vuông góc của vật thể sau
- Nguyên nhân của sự mỏi cơ sinh 8
- đặc điểm cơ thể của người tối cổ
- Ví dụ giọng cùng tên
- Vẽ hình chiếu đứng bằng cạnh của vật thể
- Phối cảnh
- Thẻ vin
- đại từ thay thế
- điện thế nghỉ
- Tư thế ngồi viết
- Diễn thế sinh thái là
- Các loại đột biến cấu trúc nhiễm sắc thể